Clinical trials using a telemetric endoscope for use during over‐ground exercise: A preliminary study

Franklin, Samantha; Burn, Jeremy F.; Allen, Kate J

doi:10.2746/042516408x363783

Cited by 37 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Negative oropharyngeal pressure, likely generated by swallowing [44], is said to hold the soft palate against the root of the tongue, whereas, it is argued, its dissipation allows the soft palate to bulge or balloon dorsally thereby partially obstructing the nasopharynx and larynx [44]. Such bulging, observed by dynamic endoscopy, is a distinguishing feature of PI and, moreover, appears to precede complete palatal-laryngeal disengagement and the onset of DDSP [44,71,72]. One way this seal may be broken during vigorous exercise is when the jowl angle is lower than is concordant with exercise-appropriate neck extension (Figure 3A) as a result of the horse being reined in to a marked extent (e.g., Figure 3C or D) [44,71,73].…”

Section: Some Key Attributes Of Breathing-related Functions In Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Equine Welfare during Exercise: An Evaluation of Breathing, Breathlessness and Bridles

Mellor

Beausoleil

2017

Animals

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Simple SummaryHorses have superior athletic capabilities due largely to their exceptional cardiorespiratory responses during exercise. This has particular relevance to horses’ potential to experience breathlessness, especially when their athletic performance is reduced by impaired respiratory function. Breathlessness, incorporating three types of unpleasant experiences, has been noted as of significant animal welfare concern in other mammals. However, the potential for breathlessness to occur in horses as usually ridden wearing bitted bridles has not yet been evaluated in detail. Accordingly, key physiological responses to exercise and the consequences of impaired respiratory function are outlined. Then the physiological control of breathing and the generation of the aversive experiences of breathlessness are explained. Finally, the potential for horses with unimpaired and impaired respiratory function to experience the different types of breathlessness is evaluated. This information provides a basis for considering the circumstances in which breathlessness may have significant negative welfare impacts on horses as currently ridden wearing bitted bridles. Potential beneficial impacts on respiratory function of using bitless bridles are then discussed with emphasis on the underlying mechanisms and their relevance to breathlessness. It is noted that direct comparisons of cardiorespiratory responses to exercise in horses wearing bitless and bitted bridles are not available and it is recommended that such studies be undertaken.AbstractHorses engaged in strenuous exercise display physiological responses that approach the upper functional limits of key organ systems, in particular their cardiorespiratory systems. Maximum athletic performance is therefore vulnerable to factors that diminish these functional capacities, and such impairment might also lead to horses experiencing unpleasant respiratory sensations, i.e., breathlessness. The aim of this review is to use existing literature on equine cardiorespiratory physiology and athletic performance to evaluate the potential for various types of breathlessness to occur in exercising horses. In addition, we investigate the influence of management factors such as rein and bit use and of respiratory pathology on the likelihood and intensity of equine breathlessness occurring during exercise. In ridden horses, rein use that reduces the jowl angle, sometimes markedly, and conditions that partially obstruct the nasopharynx and/or larynx, impair airflow in the upper respiratory tract and lead to increased flow resistance. The associated upper airway pressure changes, transmitted to the lower airways, may have pathophysiological sequelae in the alveolae, which, in their turn, may increase airflow resistance in the lower airways and impede respiratory gas exchange. Other sequelae include decreases in respiratory minute volume and worsening of the hypoxaemia, hypercapnia and acidaemia commonly observed in healthy horses during strenuous exercise. These and other factors are implica...

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Section: Some Key Attributes Of Breathing-related Functions In Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Equine Welfare during Exercise: An Evaluation of Breathing, Breathlessness and Bridles

Mellor

Beausoleil

2017

Animals

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“…The primary DO-URT cases seen in horses are reported to be DDSP, Laryngeal Collapse (LC), Vocal Cord Collapse (VCC), LLH, ADAF, PI, and Epiglottic abnormalities 1,4,11,12,14,17,18 . DO-URT can also be seen alone or as multiple cases 4,11,12,14,22 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, abnormal respiratory sounds during exercise are frequently associated with upper airway disorders 1 . While some authors 3,20 report that there was no history of abnormal noise production in some horses with DDSP, Lumsden et al 19 suggest that up to 30% of horses with DDSP make audible abnormal respiratory sounds during exercise.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Performance of Racehorses [1] Cihan KUMAŞ shown that some abnormalities can be seen in the upper respiratory tract only while the horse is exercising, but the upper respiratory tract can look normal at rest 1,2 . The upper airway is most often evaluated in standing horses by resting or dynamic endoscopy.…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Dynamic (Overground) Endoscopy Procedures Imentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of The Dynamic (Overground) Endoscopy Procedure in The Diagnosis of Upper Respiratory Tract Diseases Affecting Performance of Racehorses

Maden¹

2013

Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg

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SummaryIn this study, efficiencies of dynamic (overground) and resting endoscopic examinations were compared in dynamic upper respiratory tract problems which are a cause of poor performance in race horses. Thirty actively-racing horses which were brought to Turkey Jokey Club Racehorses Hospital with poor performance and abnormal respiratory tract sounds were examined while running and rest. The diagnostic effectiveness of dynamic endoscopy and resting endoscopy procedures were compared for the diagnosis of dynamic obstructions of the upper respiratory tract. Dynamic pharyngeal collapse (DPC) in 5 race horses, third or fourth degree of left laryngeal hemiplegia (LLH) in 3 race horses, second degree of axial deviation of aryepiglottic folds (ADAF) in 3 racehorses, rostral displacement of the palatopharyngeal arch (RDPA) in 1 racehorse, and dorsal displacement of the soft palate (DDSP) along with first degree of ADAF in 1 racehorse were detected in the mobile endoscopic exams. Dynamic upper respiratory tract problem was detected totally in 13 horses. As a result, it was observed that dynamic upper respiratory tract problems could be safely detected by dynamic endoscopy and it was superior than routine endoscopic examination in racehorses.

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“…upper airway abnormalities that occur during over the ground exercise (Franklin et al 2008). For example, horses with a history of upper airway noise during exercise may not make this noise on the treadmill, and suspected DDSP is often not reproducible during treadmill exercise.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of technology on the study of equine upper airway surgery

Stick¹,

Derksen²

2010

PHK

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Clinical trials using a telemetric endoscope for use during over‐ground exercise: A preliminary study

Cited by 37 publications

References 12 publications

Equine Welfare during Exercise: An Evaluation of Breathing, Breathlessness and Bridles

Equine Welfare during Exercise: An Evaluation of Breathing, Breathlessness and Bridles

Evaluation of The Dynamic (Overground) Endoscopy Procedure in The Diagnosis of Upper Respiratory Tract Diseases Affecting Performance of Racehorses

The impact of technology on the study of equine upper airway surgery

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