CLINICAL SCIENCE Longitudinal Microbiological Investigation of a Hospitalized Population of Older Adults with a High Root Surface Caries Risk

Ellen, Richard P.; Banting, David W.; Fillery, Edward D.

doi:10.1177/00220345850640121001

Cited by 86 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…More than 700 bacterial species have been identified (62) from samples collected from different sites in the oral cavity. Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus has been identified as primary etiological agents causing coronal and root dental caries; however, other organisms such as Lactobacillus, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus gordonii, and Streptococcus oralis have also been reported as secondary etiologic agents (60,(63)(64)(65)(66)(67)(68)(69)(70). Porphyromonas gingivalis, Camphylobacter, Fusobacterium, Bacteroids, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans are known microorganisms that cause gingival and periodontal infections.…”

Section: Applications Of Raman Spectroscopy For Identification Of Oramentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Raman Spectroscopy in Dentistry: Analysis of Tooth Structure

Ramakrishnaiah

Rehman

Basavarajappa

et al. 2014

Applied Spectroscopy Reviews

115

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Section: Applications Of Raman Spectroscopy For Identification Of Oramentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Raman Spectroscopy in Dentistry: Analysis of Tooth Structure

Ramakrishnaiah

Rehman

Basavarajappa

et al. 2014

Applied Spectroscopy Reviews

115

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“…Presently not much is known about the microbial etiology of root caries (RC) in the elderly, and there is no consensus as to which microbes might cause the disease (6,8). In several animal studies, filamentous bacteria, such as species of Actinomyces, were implicated in RC etiology (12,28).…”

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Bacterial Profiles of Root Caries in Elderly Patients

et al. 2008

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Culture-based studies have shown that Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli are associated with root caries (RC). The purpose of the present study was to assess the bacterial diversity of RC in elderly patients by use of culture-independent molecular techniques and to determine the associations of specific bacterial species or bacterial communities with healthy and carious roots. Plaque was collected from root surfaces of 10 control subjects with no RC and from 11 subjects with RC. The bacterial 16S rRNA genes from extracted DNA were PCR amplified, cloned, and sequenced to determine species identity. From a total of 3,544 clones, 245 predominant species or phylotypes were observed, representing eight bacterial phyla. The majority (54%) of the species detected have not yet been cultivated. Species of Selenomonas and Veillonella were common in all samples. The healthy microbiota included Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. polymorphum, Leptotrichia spp., Selenomonas noxia, Streptococcus cristatus, and Kingella oralis. Lactobacilli were absent, S. mutans was present in one, and Actinomyces spp. were present in 50% of the controls. In contrast, the microbiota of the RC subjects was dominated by Actinomyces spp., lactobacilli, S. mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, Selenomonas sp. clone CS002, Atopobium and Olsenella spp., Prevotella multisaccharivorax, Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus, and Propionibacterium sp. strain FMA5. The bacterial profiles of RC showed considerable subject-to-subject variation, indicating that the microbial communities are more complex than previously presumed. The data suggest that putative etiological agents of RC include not only S. mutans, lactobacilli, and Actinomyces but also species of Atopobium, Olsenella, Pseudoramibacter, Propionibacterium, and Selenomonas.

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“…These bacteria are among the pioneer microbial species on tooth surfaces and are always found in the healthy mouth throughout dental plaque maturation (Marsh and Martin, 1992;Nyvad, 1993). They have also been frequently isolated from lesions of oral diseases, such as dental caries (Syed et al, 1975;Ellen et al, 1985;Bowden et al, 1990;Beighton and Lynch, 1995;Schupbach et al, 1995Schupbach et al, , 1996 and gingivitis Moore etal., 1982Moore etal., , 1984. naeslundii.…”

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Glucose and Lactate Metabolism By Actinomyces Naeslundii

Takahashi

Yamada

1999

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

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Actinomyces are among the predominant bacteria in the oral microflora. This review discusses the glucose and lactate metabolism of Actinomyces naeslundii and its ecological significance in dental plaque. This bacterium has the EmbdenMeyerhof-Parnas (EMP) pathway as the main route to degrade glucose. The EMP pathway-derived metabolic intermediates, phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and pyruvate, are further converted into different end-products, depending on the environment. Under anaerobic conditions in the absence of bicarbonate, the pyruvate is converted into lactate by a lactate dehydrogenase. In the presence of bicarbonate, the PEP is combined with bicarbonate and then converted into succinate through the succinate pathway, while the pyruvate is converted into formate and acetate through the pyruvate formate-lyase pathway. Under aerobic conditions, the pyruvate liberates acetate and CO2 through a pathway initiated by a pyruvate dehydrogenase. A. naeslundii strains also degrade lactate, aerobically, to acetate and CO2 through the conversion of lactate into pyruvate by a NADindependent lactate dehydrogenase. These strains also synthesize glycogen from a glycolytic intermediate, glucose 6-phosphate. Besides atmospheric conditions and bicarbonate, the intracellular reduction-oxidation potential, carbohydrate concentration, and environmental pH also modulate the metabolism of A. naeslundii. Some of the phosphorylating enzymes involved in A. naeslundii metabolism-e.g., GTP/polyphosphate (PPn)-dependent glucokinase, pyrophosphate (PPi)-dependent phosphofructokinase, UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, and GDP/IDP-dependent PEP carboxykinase-are unique to A. naeslundii and have not been found in other oral bacteria. The utilization of PPn and PPi as phosphoryl donors, together with glycogen synthesis and lactate utilization, could contribute to the efficient energy metabolism found in A. naeslundii. Through this flexible and efficient metabolic capacity, A. naeslundii can adapt to fluctuating environments and compete with other bacteria in dental plaque. Further, this bacterium may modify the dental plaque environment and promote the microbial population shifts in dental plaque.

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CLINICAL SCIENCE Longitudinal Microbiological Investigation of a Hospitalized Population of Older Adults with a High Root Surface Caries Risk

Cited by 86 publications

References 18 publications

Applications of Raman Spectroscopy in Dentistry: Analysis of Tooth Structure

Applications of Raman Spectroscopy in Dentistry: Analysis of Tooth Structure

Bacterial Profiles of Root Caries in Elderly Patients

Glucose and Lactate Metabolism By Actinomyces Naeslundii

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