Clinical safety evaluation of marine oil derived from Calanus finmarchicus

Tande, Kurt S.; Vo, Trung D.; Lynch, Barry

doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.05.030

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The safety of human consumption of wax ester rich oil from copepods ( Calanus finmarchicus ) was studied through clinical trials (randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled), and long-term consumption (12 months) of 2 g/day did not show any negative effects on hematological and clinical chemistry parameters, including gastrointestinal-related effects [ 87 , 88 ]. Despite a large amount of wax ester, calanus oil has been suggested as a good source of the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid for humans, and commercial products are available as dietary supplements [ 89 , 90 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Undesirables in Mesopelagic Species and Implications for Food and Feed Safety—Insights from Norwegian Fjords

Wiech

Silva

Meier

et al. 2020

Foods

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The increase in the global population demands more biomass from the ocean as future food and feed, and the mesopelagic species might contribute significantly. In the present study, we evaluated the food and feed safety of six of the most abundant mesopelagic species in Norwegian fjords. Trace elements (i.e., arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead), organic pollutants (i.e., dioxins, furans, dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls, and polybrominated flame-retardants), and potentially problematic lipid compounds (i.e., wax esters and erucic acid) were analyzed and compared to existing food and feed maximum levels and intake recommendations. Furthermore, contaminant loads in processed mesopelagic biomass (protein, oil, and fish meal) was estimated using worst-case scenarios to identify possible food and feed safety issues. While most undesirables were low considering European food legislation, we identified a few potential food safety issues regarding high levels of fluoride in Northern krill, wax esters in glacier lanternfish, and long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids in silvery lightfish. Our estimates in processed biomass indicated high levels of undesirable trace elements in the protein fraction, frequently exceeding the maximum levels for feed ingredients. However, in fish meal, almost no exceedances were seen. In the oil fraction, dioxins and furans were above the maximum levels, given for food and feed ingredients. The present study is crucial to enable an evaluation of the value of these species; however, more data is needed before proceeding with large-scale harvesting of mesopelagic biomass.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Undesirables in Mesopelagic Species and Implications for Food and Feed Safety—Insights from Norwegian Fjords

Wiech

Silva

Meier

et al. 2020

Foods

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“…However, other publications have demonstrated that mammals can digest wax esters, at least when consumed in moderate amounts (Hansen and Mead, 1965;Yaron et al, 1982;Gorreta et al, 2002) As reviewed by Hargrove et al (2004), humans are able to hydrolyze the waxes found in a variety of food items and absorb the liberated fatty acids and alcohols. The safety of the oil from Cf for human consumption has been clinically evaluated by Tande et al (2016), and there are no safety concerns regarding this novel marine oil when consumed in recommended amounts of 2g of calanus oil. Parallel to this safety trial ran a study on the bioavailability of EPA and DHA in oil from Cf for human consumption (Cook et al, 2016b).…”

Section: Oil Extracted From Calanus Finmarchicusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2004) , humans are able to hydrolyze the waxes found in a variety of food items and absorb the liberated fatty acids and alcohols. The safety of the oil from Cf for human consumption has been clinically evaluated by Tande et al. (2016) , and there are no safety concerns regarding this novel marine oil when consumed in recommended amounts of 2g of calanus oil.…”

Section: Oil Extracted From Calanus Finmarchicusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible Health Effects of a Wax Ester Rich Marine Oil

et al. 2020

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The consumption of seafood and the use of fish oil for the production of nutraceuticals and fish feed have increased over the past decades due the high content of long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids. This increase has put pressure on the sustainability of fisheries. One way to overcome the limited supply of fish oil is to harvest lower in the marine food web. Calanus finmarchicus, feeding on phytoplankton, is a small copepod constituting a considerable biomass in the North Atlantic and is a novel source of omega-3 fatty acids. The oil is, however, different from other commercial marine oils in terms of chemistry and, possibly, bioactivity since it contains wax esters. Wax esters are fatty acids that are esterified with alcohols. In addition to the long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the oil is also rich in stearidonic acid (SDA), long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids, and the long-chain fatty alcohols eicosenol and docosenol. Recent animal studies have indicated antiinflammatory and anti-obesogenic actions of this copepod oil beyond that provided by EPA and DHA. This review will discuss potential mechanisms behind these beneficial effects of the oil, focusing on the impact of the various components of the oil. The health effects of EPA and DHA are well recognized, whereas long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids and long-chain fatty alcohols have to a large degree been overlooked in relation to human health. Recently, however the fatty alcohols have received interest as potential targets for improved health via conversion to their corresponding fatty acids. Together, the different lipid components of the oil from C. finmarchicus may have potential as nutraceuticals for reducing obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders.

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“…The participants were advised to consume four capsules daily (2 g CO/day) with plenty of water (at least 200 mL) and a meal to ensure LC n-3 FAs absorption. Tande et al (2016) evaluated the clinical safety of CO (2 g/d) using biochemical and haematological parameters in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. In summary, no adverse effects on human body were observed [23].…”

Section: Study Design and Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tande et al (2016) evaluated the clinical safety of CO (2 g/d) using biochemical and haematological parameters in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. In summary, no adverse effects on human body were observed [23]. Additionally, in the present trial, tolerability was controlled using questionnaires.…”

Section: Study Design and Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine Oil from C. finmarchicus Enhances Glucose Homeostasis and Liver Insulin Resistance in Obese Prediabetic Individuals

et al. 2022

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The intermediate state between normal glucose tolerance and overt type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with micro- and macrovascular diseases, requiring safe and cost-effective treatment measures interventions. A novel source of LC n-3 FAs is Calanus finmarchicus Oil, which showed promising effects on glucose homeostasis in preclinical studies due to anti-obesity effects and/or anti-inflammatory properties. In total, 43 obese patients (BMI: 31.7 ± 5.2 kg/m2) were allocated in the following two groups: (1) Calanus oil group (2 g CO/day) and (2) placebo group (2 g paraffin oil/day). Markers of glucose metabolism, body composition and energy intake were measured at the beginning (t0), after 12 weeks (t12) and 16 weeks (t16). Overall, parameters reflecting abnormal glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance in the liver, including fasting insulin (−2.9 mU/L ± 4.10, p < 0.05), HOMA-IR (−0.9 ± 1.28, p < 0.05) and hepatic insulin resistance index (−1.06 ± 1.72 × 106, p < 0.05) significantly enhanced after a 12-week CO-intervention, while no differences were observed in HbA1c, AUC0–2h Glucose, AUC0–2h Insulin, 2 h plasma glucose and muscle insulin sensitivity index. Our results indicate that Calanus oil causes beneficial effects on glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in obese patients, with clinical relevance to be verified in further studies. In addition, the possible active compounds and their mechanisms of action should be elucidated.

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Clinical safety evaluation of marine oil derived from Calanus finmarchicus

Cited by 16 publications

References 42 publications

Undesirables in Mesopelagic Species and Implications for Food and Feed Safety—Insights from Norwegian Fjords

Undesirables in Mesopelagic Species and Implications for Food and Feed Safety—Insights from Norwegian Fjords

Possible Health Effects of a Wax Ester Rich Marine Oil

Marine Oil from C. finmarchicus Enhances Glucose Homeostasis and Liver Insulin Resistance in Obese Prediabetic Individuals

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