Marine Oil from C. finmarchicus Enhances Glucose Homeostasis and Liver Insulin Resistance in Obese Prediabetic Individuals

Abstract

The intermediate state between normal glucose tolerance and overt type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with micro- and macrovascular diseases, requiring safe and cost-effective treatment measures interventions. A novel source of LC n-3 FAs is Calanus finmarchicus Oil, which showed promising effects on glucose homeostasis in preclinical studies due to anti-obesity effects and/or anti-inflammatory properties. In total, 43 obese patients (BMI: 31.7 ± 5.2 kg/m2) were allocated in the following two groups: (1) Calanus oil group (2 g CO/day) and (2) placebo group (2 g paraffin oil/day). Markers of glucose metabolism, body composition and energy intake were measured at the beginning (t0), after 12 weeks (t12) and 16 weeks (t16). Overall, parameters reflecting abnormal glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance in the liver, including fasting insulin (−2.9 mU/L ± 4.10, p < 0.05), HOMA-IR (−0.9 ± 1.28, p < 0.05) and hepatic insulin resistance index (−1.06 ± 1.72 × 106, p < 0.05) significantly enhanced after a 12-week CO-intervention, while no differences were observed in HbA1c, AUC0–2h Glucose, AUC0–2h Insulin, 2 h plasma glucose and muscle insulin sensitivity index. Our results indicate that Calanus oil causes beneficial effects on glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in obese patients, with clinical relevance to be verified in further studies. In addition, the possible active compounds and their mechanisms of action should be elucidated.

Equal bioavailability of omega‐3 PUFA from Calanus oil, fish oil and krill oil: A 12‐week randomized parallel study

“…Only a few studies have been taken out that investigated the bioavailability of CO. Cook et al focused on the short‐term bioavailability of CO in plasma over 72 h (Cook et al, 2016). Two long‐term studies focused on the metabolic effects of CO, but also found that CO, supplemented over 12‐weeks, significantly increased the O3I (Burhop et al, 2022; Wasserfurth et al, 2020). The present study also aimed to investigate the influence of CO on the O3I, but in comparison to conventional n3 PUFA sources such as FO and KO.…”

“…A recent study showed that the short-term bioavailability (72 h) of CO, and thus, WE-bound fatty acids, is comparable to that of EE-bound n3 PUFA from fish oil (Cook et al, 2016). The bioavailability of n3 PUFA from CO over 12 weeks has also been confirmed in recent studies (Burhop et al, 2022;Wasserfurth et al, 2020). However, comparative bioavailability studies with CO and other conventional n3 PUFA oils are lacking.…”

Increased efficacy of dietary supplement containing wax ester-rich marine oil and xanthophylls in a mouse model of dry macular degeneration

“…In addition, preclinical findings have indicated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory efficacy of this copepod oil beyond that provided by EPA and DHA ( Schots et al, 2020 ), which are presumably due to fatty acid conversion from their corresponding fatty alcohols ( Gasmi et al, 2020 ). In this respect, notable is the discovery of major effectiveness of COil on glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in obese patients in which the different lipid components of COil may have potential as nutraceuticals for reducing obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders ( Burhop et al, 2022 ). In mouse models of obesity, COil supplementation in addition to efficiently counteract obesity-induced alterations, has been also demonstrated to exert anti-hypertensive effects and to improve post-ischemic cardiac recovery ( Salma et al, 2016 ; Jansen et al, 2019 ).…”