Clinical assessment of gingival hyperplasia in patients treated with nifedipine

Abstract

Gingival hyperplasia caused by the use of nifedipine has been extensively reported. In this paper, the gingiva of 18 patients suffering from cardiopathy and treated with nifedipine were compared with those of 10 patients with cardiac disorders who had not been treated with calcium antagonists and with a no-treatment group of 12 patients. Nifedipine produced gingival hyperplasia, although patients who had not been treated with calcium antagonists also had mild hyperplasia. Hyperplasia first appeared in the interproximal areas, an observation which may be important for early detection. There was a direct correlation between the degree of hyperplasia and the bacterial plaque score. When we studied the influence of administration time and dose of nifedipine with the degree of hyperplasia, no statistically significant differences were found.

Prevalence and Risk of Gingival Enlargement in Patients Treated With Nifedipine

“…Other studies have also failed to find a relationship between gingival enlargement and dose of the calcium antagonist and reported only that gingival overgrowth usually develops after 6 months of treatment. 17,22,53,62,66,67 By contrast, some authors have stated that gingival overgrowth is dose dependent. 68,69 The gingival index differed between groups and was associated with gingival enlargement.…”

“…[46][47][48][49][50][51][52] Because the majority of studies are based on series of cases with a small number of patients, the true prevalence of nifedipine-induced gingival enlargement is unknown. 17,27,[53][54][55][56] On the other hand, predictors of gingival enlargement in patients treated with nifedipine have not been previously assessed. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence, severity, and risk factors of gingival enlargement in a population of nifedipine-treated patients and to compare the results with those in a control group.…”

“…Chronic inflammation due to dental plaque frequently causes gingival overgrowth. [1][2][3][4] Drugs associated with gingival enlargement include antiepileptics such as phenytoin; 5-7 cyclosporin A; [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] and calcium channel blockers, such as dihydropyridine, [17][18][19][20][21][22] verapamil, [23][24][25][26][27] and diltiazem. [27][28][29][30][31][32] The clinical and pathologic features in drug-induced gingival overgrowth are independent of the drug administered, which suggests a common pathway of induction.…”

Agrandamiento gingival por bloqueantes de canales de calcio

“…Además encontramos agrandamiento de la encía solo en las papilas interproximales, Fig. 1 lo cual es concordante con algunos estudios 16,17 que realizaron estudios longitudinales en pacientes consumidores de nifedipina y diltiazem, observaron que el AG apareció primero en las papilas, por ello son un lugar de especial evaluación que nos puede proporcionar un diagnóstico temprano de dicha alteración.…”

An Involvement of Granulocyte Medullasin in Phenytoin-Induced Gingival Overgrowth in Rats

“…However, the observed areas in their studies were buccal and lingual (not approximal), different from our areas (approximal). As stated above, gingival overgrowth occurs mostly in approximal areas, since bacterial plaque readily accumulates between teeth and can cause inflammation (16,24,25). Considering these, approximal gingival tissues could be more susceptible to gingival overgrowth due to the infiltration of inflammatory cells.…”