Clinical assessment methods for scapular position and function. An inter-rater reliability study

Larsen, Camilla Marie; Søgaard, Karen; Eshøj, Henrik; Ingwersen, Kim Gordon; Juul-Kristensen, Birgit

doi:10.1080/09593985.2019.1579284

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…In spite of this, the SMT test was considered to be included within the BFA. In a study published by Larsen et al [ 51 ] it was corroborated that simple visual observation methods to assess the scapular function present a better reliability compared with other types of more complex measuring. The SMT test is used to evaluate the functionality of the upper part of the body [ 52 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Validity and Reliability of the New Basic Functional Assessment Protocol (BFA)

Hernández-García

Gil-López

Martínez-Pozo

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The global evaluation of motion patterns can examine the synchrony of neuromuscular control, range of motion, strength, resistance, balance and coordination needed to complete the movement. Visual assessments are commonly used to detect risk factors. However, it is essential to define standardized field-based tests that can evaluate with accuracy. The aims of the study were to design a protocol to evaluate fundamental motor patterns (FMP), and to analyze the validity and reliability of an instrument created to provide information about the quality of movement in FMP. Five tasks were selected: Overhead Squat (OHS); Hurdle Step (HS); Forward Step Down (FSD); Shoulder Mobility (SM); Active Stretching Leg Raise (ASLR). A list of variables was created for the evaluation of each task. Ten qualified judges assessed the validity of the instrument, while six external observers performed inter-intra reliability. The results show that the instrument is valid according to the experts’ opinion; however, the reliability shows values below those established. Thus, the instrument was considered unreliable, so it is recommended to repeat the reliability process by performing more training sessions for the external observers. The present study creates the basic functional assessment (BFA), a new protocol which comprises five tasks and an instrument to evaluate FMP.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Validity and Reliability of the New Basic Functional Assessment Protocol (BFA)

Hernández-García

Gil-López

Martínez-Pozo

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…The participants elevated their arms to 120 degrees in the frontal and scapular plans with and without holding weights (Kibler et al, 2002; Larsen et al, 2020). A scapular motion was considered as normal when the motion presents with bilateral posterior tilting, external rotation, and slight superior translation during arm elevation and reversal of these during lowering relative to the opposite side (Larsen et al, 2020). If the scapular motion was not normal, then the clinician observed the scapula for the presence of any of the four patterns of SD.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the scapular motion was not normal, then the clinician observed the scapula for the presence of any of the four patterns of SD. The four patterns of SD were Type I pattern (prominence of the inferior medial scapular angle and would be associated with excessive anterior tilting of the scapula), Type II pattern (prominence of the entire medial border and would be associated with excessive scapular internal rotation), Type III pattern (prominence of the superior scapular border and would be associated with excessive upward translation of the scapula), and finally Type IV pattern (characterized as “normal,” indicating that no asymmetries were identified and no prominence of the medial or superior border was observed) (Kibler et al, 2002; Larsen et al, 2020).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If any patterns of SD were observed, they were marked as “yes” and the type of SD was noted. If a normal scapular motion was observed, it was noted as Type IV, and then it was relabeled as “no” (Larsen et al, 2020). If the mixed patterns of scapular prominence were found during shoulder flexion and abduction movement, the investigators identified the SD as mixed patterns (i.e., Type I + II, Type II + III, Type I + III, or Type I + II + III; Huang et al, 2015).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If any patterns of SD was observed, it was marked as "yes" and the type of SD was noted. If a normal scapular motion was observed, it was noted as Type IV and then, it was relabelled as "no" (Larsen et al, 2020).…”

Section: Procedures Of Dsmtmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Clinical Evaluation of Scapular Dyskinesis Among Professional Bus Drivers With Unilateral Upper Quadrant Musculoskeletal Pain

Sattasuk

Sitilertpisan

Joseph

et al. 2021

Workplace Health Saf

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Background: Professional bus drivers report a high prevalence of upper quadrant musculoskeletal pain which could be associated with scapular dyskinesis (SD). However, the evidence for valid and reliable screening methods for this condition is limited as SD among bus drivers is an emerging area of research. Therefore, the main aim of the study was to investigate the reliability of dynamic scapular motion test (DSMT) using video analysis as an accurate method to evaluate SD and to identify patterns of SD among bus drivers. Methods: In total, 32 bus drivers from a private bus company with unilateral upper quadrant musculoskeletal pain participated in the study. The DSMT was conducted and the SD was captured in the video during shoulder flexion–abduction movements. Two investigators analyzed the video recordings and identified the patterns of SD. The intra- and interrater reliability were determined using the percentage of agreement and weighted Kappa coefficients (Kw). Descriptive analysis was used to examine the patterns of SD. Findings: The intra- and interrater reliability of DSMT using video analysis were excellent (Kw coefficient: 0.762–0.878 and 0.87–1.00, respectively). About 56.2% and 53.1% of bus drivers presented SD with the shoulder flexion and abduction movements during DSMT. Medial border prominence (Type II pattern of SD) was identified as the common pattern of SD. Conclusion/Application to practice: The DSMT using video analysis showed excellent intra- and interrater reliability to evaluate SD. Occupational health practitioners can consider DSMT using video analysis to identify SD among people with upper quadrant musculoskeletal pain at the workplace.

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