Clinical and Biomechanical Risk Factors of Patients Diagnosed with Hallux Valgus

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to identify the clinical and plantar loading variables related to hallux valgus. Fifty-one healthy control subjects and 40 subjects with a diagnosis of moderate hallux valgus deformity of similar age and body weight were recruited for this study. Clinical measurements of pain, first metatarsophalangeal joint range of motion, and single-leg resting calcaneal stance position were obtained. Biomechanical measurements were obtained using a capacitive pressure platform. Plantar loading variables were calculated for seven regions of the plantar surface. A univariate analysis followed by a stepwise logistic regression was used to analyze the data. The results indicated that high values for pain, single-leg resting calcaneal stance position, hallux region peak pressure and force-time integral, and central forefoot region force-time integral increased the likelihood of hallux valgus.

Plantar pressure distribution analysis in normal weight young women and men with normal and claw feet: A cross-sectional study

“…In conclusion, the reduction of plantar support surfaces in CFS of both sexes was associated to a major load per units of plantar surface in the forefoot and rear foot areas, and this may be a risk factor to lower extremity overuse injuries. In fact, Dawson et al (2002), Sosenko (2002), Olson et al (2003), and Kernozek et al (2003) already evidenced that claw foot, with other foot deformities, is a risk factor for pathologies of inferior limbs. Further studies would be necessary to confirm whether claw foot is associated with modifications of the posture or gait.…”

The impact of hallux valgus on foot kinematics: A cross-sectional, comparative study

“…Whereas in the CG a ratio of nearly 1:1 was observed, for the HV group this ratio was 1:4. The convenience sampling technique and the higher prevalence [3] of HV in women (1:8) have played a considerable role and therefore account for the different male/female ratio in this study.…”

“…Previous studies have mostly used pedobarographic technology to achieve this objective [3,10,12]. We investigated, for the first time, the kinematic behavior of the segments of the foot in subjects with HV and compared it with normative data (CG).…”

“…Several authors have demonstrated that patients with HV have an altered plantar pressure pattern in the forefoot compared to asymptomatic individuals [3,[10][11][12]. These studies have shown that the most commonly observed patho-mechanical manifestation is the first ray insufficiency during mid-stance and propulsion, which causes an increased load over the central metatarsal heads [3,13]. Postoperative outcome has also been evaluated by means of pedobarography [14,15].…”

“…Commonly referred to as a bunion deformity, HV is characterized by the progressive subluxation and valgus angulation of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (1MTPJ) in combination with pronation of the proximal phalanx [2][3][4]. Genetic predisposition, inappropriate shoe wear, trauma and biomechanical compensation for structural and functional deformities (hindfoot eversion) have been reported as contributors to this disorder [3,5]. Shoe adaptations, custom made insoles and digital silicone orthoses have been reported as conservative treatment options [6,7].…”