Clinical analysis and classification of dark eye circle

Abstract

Pigmentation and vascular and structural components may play important roles in DEC. Detailed classification of DEC types will access physicians in the decision of appropriate therapeutic modalities.

Influence of facial skin ageing characteristics on the perceived age in a Russian female population

“…Yet under eye dark circles [and bags] were the second biggest ageing skin concern for women aged 41–50 years old according to the ranking question. This discrepancy in the findings may be due to the nature of under eye dark circles as their formation is caused by many aetiologic factors including, but not limited to ageing . As much as under eye dark circles may appear important to the consumers at a certain point in time, they do not seem to be utilized as critical information in the assessment of youthful appearance by others.…”

Association between clinical characteristics, quality of life, and sleep quality in patients with periorbital hyperchromia

“…It is defined as brownish pigmentation, from light to dark, mainly involving the lower eyelids . POHs affect individuals of a wide age range, both sexes and all ethnicities and are associated with a tired and aged facial appearance . The most affected people are usually those with the highest phototypes .…”

“…Despite the high prevalence, there are few studies regarding the epidemiology, etiology, classification, pathogenesis, and therapeutic options of POH . POH has a multifactorial etiology . It is estimated that several exogenous and endogenous factors are involved, the main mechanisms being melanin deposition, hemosiderotic pigment deposition caused by vascular ectasia and anatomical changes .…”

Ultrasound evaluation of normal orbital preseptal thickness

“…Anatomic changes associated with periocular and orbital diseases such as blepharoptosis, eyelid lesions, and even thyroid-associated orbitopathy have also been successfully characterized with ultrasonography (Hosal et al, 2004;Lee et al, 2006;Kikkawa et al, 2003;Furuta et al, 2007;Bajaj et al, 2007;Given-Wilson et al, 1989). Also, it can be used as an aid to set up a assessment score for better classification of DEC (Huang et al, 2014). However, no studies establishing a baseline normal value of preseptal thickness evaluated by ultrasound has been found.…”