Therapeutic optic nerve decompression is advocated in patients with continuous deterioration of vision. Prophylactic decompression, in contrast, is not advised to be performed as a primary surgical procedure but as a procedure secondary to excision of lesion in the anterior skull base during the same operation.

Pigmentation and vascular and structural components may play important roles in DEC. Detailed classification of DEC types will access physicians in the decision of appropriate therapeutic modalities.

Our results suggest that retaining bicanalicular silicone nasal intubation for more than 90 days can provide satisfactory results in restoring both canalicular anatomy and function. With an experienced operating team, repair of canalicular lacerations can be delayed for up to 11 days. However, patients with combined upper and lower canalicular lacerations are at an increased risk of developing postoperative symptomatic epiphora.