Climatological characteristics of fronts in the western North Pacific based on surface weather charts

Utsumi, Nobuyuki; Kim, Hyungjun; Seto, Shûichi; Kanae, Shinjiro; Oki, Taikan

doi:10.1002/2014jd021734

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…Utsumi et al. (2014) found that cold fronts around Japan are, on average, longer during winter than during summer. Simmonds et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Climatology and dynamics of the link between dry intrusions and cold fronts during winter. Part I: global climatology

Catto

Raveh‐Rubin

2019

Clim Dyn

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Cold fronts are a primary feature of the day-to-day variability of weather in the midlatitudes, and feature in conceptual extratropical cyclone models alongside the dry intrusion airstream. Here the climatological frequency and spatial distribution of the co-occurrence of these two features are quantified, and the differences in cold front characteristics (intensity, size, and precipitation) when a dry intrusion is present or not are calculated. Fronts are objectively identified in the ECMWF ERA-Interim dataset for the winter seasons in each hemisphere and split into three sub-types: central fronts (within a cyclone area); trailing fronts (outwith the cyclone area but connected to a central front); and isolated fronts (not connected to a cyclone). These are then associated with dry intrusions identified using Lagrangian trajectory analysis. Trailing fronts are most likely to be associated with a DI in both hemispheres, and this occurs more frequently in the western parts of the major storm track regions. Isolated fronts are linked to DIs more frequently on the eastern ends of the storm tracks, and in the subtropics. All front types, when co-occurring with a DI, are stronger in terms of their temperature gradient, are much larger in area, and typically have higher average precipitation. Therefore, climatologically the link with DIs increases the impact of cold fronts. There are some differences in the statistics of the precipitation for trailing and isolated fronts that are further investigated in Part II of this study from the front-centred perspective. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00382-019-04745-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Utsumi et al. (2014) found that cold fronts around Japan are, on average, longer during winter than during summer. Simmonds et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There have been a number of other studies since then investigating fronts from a climatological perspective (e.g., Sinclair 2013; Solman and Orlanski 2014; Rudeva and Simmonds 2015; Utsumi et al. 2014; Schemm et al. 2015; Parfitt et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatology and dynamics of the link between dry intrusions and cold fronts during winter. Part I: global climatology

Catto

Raveh‐Rubin

2019

Clim Dyn

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“…Tuning parameters (thresholds) for the objective detection were determined so that the climatology of objectively detected weather system was consistent with that computed from best track data [ Knapp et al ., ], surface weather charts, and gridded front data set based on surface weather charts [ Utsumi et al ., ], for the TCs, ExC‐centers, and fronts, respectively. Further technical details of the parameter tunings are included in Text S1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Which weather systems are projected to cause future changes in mean and extreme precipitation in CMIP5 simulations?

et al. 2016

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Future changes in precipitation due to climate change are of great concern to society. However, questions such as “Which weather systems will cause which changes?” and “Is the relative importance of these weather systems likely to change in the future?” have not been addressed fully yet. Here we present the first global estimates of the relative contributions of different weather systems (i.e., tropical cyclones, extratropical cyclones including fronts, and others) to changes in annual mean and extreme precipitation in the late 21st century using multimodel projections of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5. Although the models present biases in tropical cyclones over southern hemisphere, in particular, the representations of global weather system patterns are comparable to the reanalysis data. Total precipitation from tropical cyclones decreases (increases) in the tropics (subtropics) and that from extratropical cyclones including fronts decreases (increases) on the equatorial (poleward) side of the storm tracks. In addition, the mean intensity and frequency of system‐wise precipitation can change significantly even without considerable changes in annual amounts. We found that the subtropics, particularly in the Pacific and North Atlantic, are the regions where the proportions of precipitation by weather systems in annual mean and extreme precipitation display notable changes, suggesting distinct shifts in climate regimes. These regions have a common feature: they undergo the influence of several distinct weather systems in the present climate. In regions where climate regime shifts are projected, even the weather systems that have a minor contribution to precipitation in the present climate may cause considerable changes in annual and extreme precipitation.

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“…2a) features cyclonic circulations over Mindanao Island and in the broad North Pacific along 20-50°N centered around 45°N, 180°. It is worth mentioning that cold fronts are usually depicted at 925 hPa level (e.g., Utsumi et al 2014) and since the JAN2017 HRF event is associated with a frontal system, we used this pressure level to illustrate the large-scale circulation features throughout the manuscript. Nevertheless, we confirmed that similar circulation features can be depicted at 850 hPa level.…”

Section: Large-scale Circulation Features During the Jan2017 Hrf Eventmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-tropical Cyclone Related Winter Heavy Rainfall Events over the Philippines: Climatology and Mechanisms

Olaguera

Matsumoto

Dado

et al. 2020

Asia-Pacific J Atmos Sci

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This study investigates non-tropical cyclone (TC) related boreal winter heavy rainfall events that lead to extensive flooding (HRF) over the Philippines through a case study and composite analysis. The HRF event examined occurred during January 16-22, 2017 over Cagayan de Oro City (CDO) in Mindanao Island (122-127°E, 5-10°N). The accumulated rainfall over CDO reached by about 180 mm from 00 UTC January 16 to 00 UTC January 17, 2017, exceeding the climatological maximum daily rainfall in January over this area. The interaction of a westward propagating cyclonic circulation over Mindanao Island (MCC) and a shearline that is associated with an eastward-propagating cyclonic and anticyclonic circulations along 20-40°N, led to enhanced moisture convergence and rainfall over CDO. The climatology of these non-TC related HRF events was examined through composite analysis of the HRF events documented in the Dartmouth Flood Observatory archive from 1979 to 2017. The authors identified 34 of such cases over the Philippines, in which 25 occurred over Mindanao Island. The composites of the circulation features of these 25 cases resemble those during the January 2017 case. A vorticity budget analysis was performed to explain the propagation tendency of the MCC. The results show that the MCC only propagated westward when the magnitudes of the stretching and advection terms of the vorticity tendency equation are almost comparable with each other, together with the weakening of the southerly winds around Mindanao Island. This study reveals how cold fronts over the north Pacific together with the MCC induces HRF events over the Philippines.

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Climatological characteristics of fronts in the western North Pacific based on surface weather charts

Cited by 16 publications

References 27 publications

Climatology and dynamics of the link between dry intrusions and cold fronts during winter. Part I: global climatology

Climatology and dynamics of the link between dry intrusions and cold fronts during winter. Part I: global climatology

Which weather systems are projected to cause future changes in mean and extreme precipitation in CMIP5 simulations?

Non-tropical Cyclone Related Winter Heavy Rainfall Events over the Philippines: Climatology and Mechanisms

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