Climatic Influence on Pollen Formation and Fertilization

Nishiyama, Iwao

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-99615-2.50012-0

Cited by 45 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Among the cold tolerant genotypes this was even more evident, because despite being superior to the sensitive ones at both stages, their degree of tolerance was higher at the microsporogenesis stage (Tables 4 and 5). These results were unexpected since rice is considered more sensitive to cold at microsporogensis than at anthesis (Lin & Peterson, 1975;Nishiyama, 1984). Considering that the maximum microsporogenesis occurs at some point between the interval -3 to 10 cm and this interval was represented for each genotype, it may be concluded that microsporogenesis was misidentified when compared to anthesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Rice cold tolerance at the reproductive stage in a controlled environment

Cruz¹,

Milach

Federizzi

2006

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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Cold tolerance of rice (Oryza sativa L.) during the reproductive stage is important to guarantee high yield under low temperature environments. Field selection, however, does not allow identification of adequate tolerance sources and limits selection of segregating lines due to variable temperature. The objective of this study was to devise methods for distinguishing rice genotypes as to their cold tolerance at the reproductive stage when evaluated under controlled temperature. The effect of cold temperatures was investigated in six rice genotypes at 17°C for varying length of time (three, five, seven and ten days) at two reproductive stages (microsporogenesis and anthesis). Cold tolerance was measured as the percentage of reduction in panicle exsertion and in spikelet fertility. Evaluating cold tolerance through the reduction in panicle exsertion did not allow for the distinction between cold tolerant from cold sensitive genotypes and, when the reduction in spikelet fertility was considered, a minimum of seven days was required to differentiate the genotypes for cold tolerance. Genotypes were more sensitive to cold at anthesis than at microsporogenesis and, as these stages were highly correlated, cold screening could be performed at anthesis only, since it is easier to determine. Rice cold tolerance at the reproductive stage may be characterized by the reduction in spikelet fertility due to cold temperature (17°C) applied for seven days at anthesis. Key words: cold temperature, microsporogenesis, anthesis, panicle exsertion, spikelet sterility TOLERÂNCIA AO FRIO DO ARROZ NO ESTÁDIO REPRODUTIVO SOB CONDIÇÕES CONTROLADASRESUMO: A tolerância do arroz (Oryza sativa L.) ao frio no período reprodutivo é importante para garantir alto rendimento em ambientes com temperatura baixa. No entanto, a seleção em condições de campo não permite identificar fontes adequadas de tolerância e limita a seleção de linhas segregantes devido à temperatura variável. Este trabalho teve por objetivo definir uma metodologia capaz de distinguir genótipos de arroz quanto à sua tolerância ao frio no período reprodutivo quando avaliados sob temperatura controlada. O efeito do frio foi investigado em seis genótipos de arroz submetidos a 17°C por períodos variáveis de tempo (três, cinco, sete e dez dias) em dois estádios do período reprodutivo (microsporogênese e antese). A tolerância ao frio foi avaliada por meio da porcentagem de redução na exerção da panícula e na fertilidade de espiguetas. O resultados indicaram que avaliar a tolerância ao frio por meio da redução na exerção da panícula não permitiu separar genótipos tolerantes ao frio de genótipos sensíveis e, quando avaliada por meio da redução na fertilidade de espiguetas, no mínimo sete dias foram necessários para diferenciar os genótipos quanto à tolerância ao frio. Eles foram mais sensíveis ao frio na antese que na microsporogênese e, como estes estádios foram altamente correlacionados, a seleção sob frio poderia ser feita somente neste estádio, que é de mais fácil determinaç...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Rice cold tolerance at the reproductive stage in a controlled environment

Cruz¹,

Milach

Federizzi

2006

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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“…Experimentos de Yoshida (1981) mostraram que temperaturas de 12°C podem não provocar a esterilidade quando ocorrerem apenas dois dias de frio, entretanto podem induzir 100% de esterilidade quando a exposição ao frio for superior a seis dias. Nishiyama (1984) observou também que pode ocorrer esterilidade das espiguetas com temperaturas superiores a 20°C para as variedades no Japão. Sendo assim, a esterilidade das espiguetas é condicionada pela temperatura e sua duração.…”

Section: Fenologia Reprodutivaunclassified

Aspectos da biologia e fenologia de Oryza latifolia Desv. (Poaceae) no Pantanal sul-mato-grossense

Bertazzoni

Damasceno‐Junior

2011

Acta Bot. Bras.

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Aspectos da biologia e fenologia de Oryza latifolia Desv.(Poaceae) no Pantanal sul-mato-grossense ABSTRACT(Aspects of the biology and phenology of Oryza latifolia Desv. (Poaceae) in the Pantanal wetland in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil). Oryza latifolia, a wild species of rice, aquatic emergent, tolerant of fl ooding, occurs on fl oodplains of the Pantanal wetland, mainly in the Paraguay River sub-region. Th e aim of this study was to describe aspects of the biology and phenology of O. latifolia in two areas (Serra do Amolar and Bracinho) along the Paraguay River, in the township of Corumbá (state of Mato Grosso do Sul). Five patches of wild rice were observed in each area. Twenty replicates of quadrats (1m x 1m) were randomly established monthly in each patch, and percent cover was estimated; fl owering, fruiting, production of dry infl orescence and water depth were monitored from December 2006 to November 2007. Percent cover is correlated with water level and day length in the plots, reaching up to 80% at fl ood time in both areas. Recruitment of seedlings occurs during the dry season only on the plot edges. Th e reproductive phase of the species is short and starts aft er the fl ood peak. Th is period is correlated with a set of environmental variables such as day length and water level. Dispersal occurs by barochory, hydrochory and ictiochory, at the onset of receding water, and seeds stay viable for fi ve months up to the dry period.

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“…Early microspore development was reported to be also highly sensitive to chilling stress in the same species (Mamun et al, 2006). Tapetum -the innermost layer of the anther wall-hypertrophy in rice (Nishiyama, 1984) and its earlier degeneration in many other species (Ahmed et al, 1992;Erickson and Markhart, 2002;Porch and Jahn, 2001), which deprives developing pollen grains from essential nutrients and metabolites, is another symptom frequently reported as accompanying pollen sterility under low and high temperature stresses. However, development of the external layers of the anther wall, such as epidermis, endothecium, stomium and septum, has also been shown to be disrupted (Ahmed et al, 1992;Matsui and Omasa, 2002;Porch and Jahn, 2001;Sato et al, 2002), finally affecting anther dehiscence and leading to male sterility even though the pollen is viable.…”

Section: Male Development: Pollen Development and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to their economic importance, the effect of temperature stress on the reproductive process has been extensively studied in cereals (see Barnabás et al, 2008 andThakur et al, 2010 for extensive reviews on the subject). Special mention must be given to the work done in rice (Oryza sativa L.), initiated in the 1970s by Japanese researchers (Nishiyama, 1984;Satake and Hayase, 1970) and later confirmed by many authors (e.g. Jagadish et al, 2007;Mamun et al, 2006;Prasad et al, 2006), relating chilling and heat stress during booting (early gametophyte development) and flowering to higher spikelet sterility.…”

Section: Page 5 Of 24mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of flowering plant gametophytes to temperature fluctuations

Hedhly

2011

Environmental and Experimental Botany

258

179

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Research on plant responses to temperature stress is receiving increased interest due to the growing awareness about global warming. High and low temperature stresses help establish the narrow geographic distribution of some cultivated plants, the limited geographic extension of some other economically nutritionally important species, and also induce irregular bearing for some species. However, the understanding of plant responses to temperature stress lags behind other biotic and abiotic stresses probably due to the complex response at the molecular, cellular, and organismal level. Temperature stress affects, indeed, many developmental processes during the plant's life cycle. However, the reproductive stage, the outcome of which represents the economic value for many cultivated plants, is especially vulnerable. Here the effect of low and high temperature stresses during the flowering phase is reviewed in flowering plants in an attempt to unravel sensitive stages that are behind irregular cropping. The review presents detailed findings from 33 previously published reports spanning 19 different flowering plant species. Both the male and female organs of the flower are especially sensitive to temperature fluctuations both during their development before pollination and during the post-pollination stage. The effect of temperature stress is, however, obscured by the complex male-female interaction superimposed on the individual behavior of each organ. Interestingly, a review of the literature on this topic shows that genetic variation does exist in reproductive behavior under temperature fluctuations. This genetic diversity must be preserved and characterized in further detail to understand how plants naturally cope with changing environmental conditions, which will, undoubtedly, help us to design better strategies to face current and future challenging temperature fluctuations.

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Climatic Influence on Pollen Formation and Fertilization

Cited by 45 publications

References 36 publications

Rice cold tolerance at the reproductive stage in a controlled environment

Rice cold tolerance at the reproductive stage in a controlled environment

Aspectos da biologia e fenologia de Oryza latifolia Desv. (Poaceae) no Pantanal sul-mato-grossense

Sensitivity of flowering plant gametophytes to temperature fluctuations

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