Background: Genomic discovery in oat and its application to oat improvement have been hindered by a lack of genetic markers common to different genetic maps, and by the difficulty of conducting whole-genome analysis using high-throughput markers. This study was intended to develop, characterize, and apply a large set of oat genetic markers based on Diversity Array Technology (DArT).

No abstract

No abstract

Crown rust, caused by Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae, can cause significant damage in all regions where oats (Avena sativa L.) are cultivated. The primary means of controlling crown rust has been through genetic resistance, although in most cases resistance has been quickly overcome by the pathogen. More durable partial or non-specific resistance may possess different mechanisms from those underlying genes with specific effects. We studied the epidemiological and histological components of crown rust resistance with potential use in plant protection. Among the components evaluated, pustule density showed the clearest effect on resistance, while the latent period was not an important component. Cell death associated with the accumulation of autofluorescent and phenolic compounds was common in the resistant genotypes, but temporally distinct for the genotypes studied. Genotype Pc68/5*Starter, which has race-specific resistance, showed rapid cell death that prevented the development of pathogen colonies. Conversely, with cultivar URS 21 and genotypes 04B7113-1 and 04B7119-2, cell death and associated accumulation of autofluorescent and phenolic compounds was delayed until pathogen colonies were already established. Pathogen colonies developed normally in susceptible plants genotypes, and had usually produced sporogenic tissue by 5 days after inoculation. The data suggest that the resistance mechanisms, especially hypersensitivity and phenolic compound production, active in resistant plants are similar but may be differently expressed over time. The temporal variation in the expression of hypersensitivity and phenolic compound production reflects the level of field resistance in these genotypes.

Correlação e análise de trilha de rendimento e seus componentes e caracteres de planta em trigo 1

Flowering time (or days to heading) is an important characteristic in crop plants that affects adaptation to cropping cycles and growing seasons. The objectives of this study were to identify molecular markers associated with flowering time in 3 oat populations developed from Brazilian oat varieties, and to compare their map locations with those of other loci that might influence flowering time. Flowering time was studied in recombinant inbred lines from 3 hexaploid oat populations: UFRGS 8 x Pc68/5*Starter; UFRGS 881971 x Pc68/5*Starter; and UFRGS 8 x UFRGS 930605. Bulked segregant analysis, using amplified fragment length polymorphism, was followed by selective mapping in each population and in a reference population, 'Kanota' x 'Ogle' (KxO). One quantitative trait locus (QTL) with major effects on flowering time was identified in each cross. Comparative mapping showed that a major QTL, with earliness alleles originating from UFRGS 8 and UFRGS 881971, is in a region with close homology to KxO linkage group 17 and to a locus that reportedly confers day-length insensitivity in oat (Di1). This is the first report to identify the map location of the Di1 locus, and putatively confirm the presence of Di1 alleles in new germplasm. Further comparative mapping and the alignment of mapped oat markers with the sequenced rice genome suggest that this QTL and (or) Di1 is orthologous to the Hd1 locus in rice and the CONSTANS gene in Arabidopsis and other species. A different QTL with major effects segregated in the UFRGS 8 x UFRGS 930605 cross, where the early-flowering allele for Di1 was probably fixed. Two additional QTLs with smaller effects were identified in the UFRGS 8 x Pc68/5*Starter population. These results suggest that the Brazilian oat line UFRGS 8 contains an optimal set of alleles conditioning earliness under the short-day conditions of the Brazilian winter growing season, and that molecular selection could be used to introgress these alleles into other breeding material.

No abstract

RESUMOCom o objetivo de identificar características morfológicas em plantas de soja que determinem maior habilidade competitiva com plantas daninhas, foram desenvolvidos dois experimentos, um em Cruz Alta (RS), onde a soja competiu com nabo-forrageiro (Raphanus sativus), e outro em Eldorado do Sul (RS), onde a cultura competiu com as espécies daninhas picão-preto (Bidens spp.) e guanxuma (Sida rhombifolia). Por meio de análises de regressão linear múltipla e de correlação, cultivares de soja que produzem maior quantidade de matéria seca do caule (incluindo as folhas) aos 45 dias após a emergência, de matéria seca da parte aérea aos 60 dias após a emergência e de grãos, têm habilidade competitiva superior à de nabo-forrageiro. Quando os competidores foram as espécies picão-preto e guanxuma, a matéria seca dos ramos de soja (com as folhas), cobertura do solo pelo dossel da cultura e produção de grãos destacaram-se como as características que conferiram maior habilidade competitiva à soja. As características estatura de planta, número de ramos e comprimento de ramos também contribuíram para expressar maior capacidade de competição à soja. Palavras-chave: interferência, Raphanus sativus, Bidens spp., Sida rhombifolia. ABSTRACT SOYBEAN PLANT CHARACTERISTICS THAT CONFER COMPETITIVE ABILITY AGAINST WEEDSIn order to identify morphological characteristics in soybean plants that define greater competitive ability against weeds, two experiments were carried out. The first experiment was installed in Cruz Alta, RS, where soybean competed against forage radish (Raphanus sativus), and the other in Eldorado do Sul, RS, where the crop competed against beggar ticks (Bidens spp.) and arrow leaf sida (Sida rhombifolia). Results multiple linear regression and correlation analysis demonstrated that soybean plants holding with higher stem dry matter of (including leaves) at 45 days after emergency, higher dry matter of shoot at 60 days after emergency, and greater grain yield, granted superior competitiveness of soybean with forage radish. When competitors were weeds hairy beggarticks and arrowleaf sida, soybean stem dry matter (with the leaves), soil coverage by crop canopy, and grain yield, arose as the traits that conferred greater competitive ability to the crop. Plant height, branch number and branch length have also contributed for higher competition ability in soybean.