Climate Change and Its Impacts on Oases Ecosystem in Morocco

Ait-El-Mokhtar, Mohamed; Laouane, Raja Ben; Anli, Mohamed; Boutasknit, Abderrahim; Fakhech, Abdessamad; Wahbi, Said; Meddich, Abdelilah

doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-7387-6.ch012

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Currently, drought is one of the most frequent and severe abiotic stresses negatively affecting many physiological and biochemical parameters, plant growth, and development in arid and semi-arid Mediterranean ecosystems [1,2]. In addition, these ecosystems are subject to particular climatic conditions and anthropogenic pressure, leading to a decline in forest cover and irreversibly to serious environmental consequences such as rapid soil erosion and desertification [3]. Drought in these regions is becoming extreme, longer, and more frequent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Mediate Drought Tolerance and Recovery in Two Contrasting Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) Ecotypes by Regulating Stomatal, Water Relations, and (In)Organic Adjustments

Boutasknit

Baslam

Ait-El-Mokhtar

et al. 2020

Plants

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Irregular precipitation and drought caused an increase in tree mortality rates in multiple forest biomes with alterations in both ecosystem services and carbon balance. Carob (Ceratonia siliqua) growth and production in arid and semi-arid ecosystems are likely affected by climate change-induced droughts. Understanding the physiological responses of drought-induced early-stage tree death and strategies to enhance drought tolerance and optimize growth will help tree improvement programs. Mycorrhizal inoculation has a pronounced impact on plant growth, water absorption, mineral nutrition, and protection from abiotic stresses. However, a better understanding of these complex interconnected cellular processes and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)-mediated mechanisms regulating drought tolerance in plants will enhance its potential application as an efficient approach for bio-amelioration of stresses. The objectives of this work were to elucidate the different effects of autochthone AMF on inorganic solute and water content uptakes, organic adjustments (sugar and proteins content), leaf gas exchange (stomatal conductance and efficiency of photosystems I and II), and oxidative damage of two contrasting ecotypes of carob seedlings: coastal (southern ecotype (SE)) and in-land (northern ecotype (NE)) under control (C), drought (by cessation of irrigation for 15 days (15D)), and recovery (R) conditions. Our findings showed that AMF promoted growth, nutrient content, and physiological and biochemical parameters in plants of both ecotypes during C, 15D, and R conditions. After four days of recovery, stomatal conductance (gs), the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), water content, and plant uptake of mineral nutrients (P, K, Na, and Ca) were significantly higher in shoots of mycorrhizal (AM) than non-mycorrhizal (NM) control plants. Consequently, AMF reduced to a greater degree the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and oxidative damage to lipid (malondialdehyde (MDA)) content in AM than NM plants in NE and SE, after recovery. Altogether, our findings suggest that AMF can play a role in drought resistance of carob trees at an early stage by increasing the inorganic solutes (P, K, Na, and Ca), water content uptake, organic solutes (soluble sugars and protein content), stomatal conductance, and defense response against oxidative damage during re-watering after drought stress.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Mediate Drought Tolerance and Recovery in Two Contrasting Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) Ecotypes by Regulating Stomatal, Water Relations, and (In)Organic Adjustments

Boutasknit

Baslam

Ait-El-Mokhtar

et al. 2020

Plants

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“…The assessment of climate change impacts in Morocco has been widely reported in the past [55,56]. Most studies in the field of climate change have only focused on CMIP3 [57] and CMIP5 scenarios [58].…”

Section: Existing Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of CMIP6 Multi-Model Projections Worldwide: Which Regions Are Getting Warmer and Are Going through a Drought in Africa and Morocco? What Changes from CMIP5 to CMIP6?

Bouramdane

2022

Sustainability

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Although climate change is an inherently global issue, its impacts will not be felt equally across Earth’s pressure belts and continental-scale regions. This study seeks to examine which areas are becoming warmer and experiencing drought, with a particular focus on Africa, in light of its low historical emissions but poor economic capacity for mitigation and adaptation to climate change, and Morocco, whose conditional goal, which will be achieved with foreign assistance, is rated as “almost sufficient” but is not yet in compliance with the Paris Agreement’s goal. We also explore the consistency and sources of uncertainty in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models and analyze what changes from CMIP5—whose projections are based on the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs)—to Shared Socio-Economic Pathways (SSPs)-based scenarios for CMIP6. We find that strong forcing, with no additional climate policies, is projected to raise the mean annual temperature over Morocco for the long-term period by 6.25 °C. All CMIP6 models agree that warming (resp. drought) will be greater over land masses and poles (resp. tropical and coastal regions) than over oceans and equatorial regions (resp. high latitudes, equatorial, and monsoon zones), but less so on the intensity of changes.

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“…The human and nature are dynamically intertwined and embedded in the oasis, placing vulnerability, shocks and extreme events as part of this dynamic (Ben Salim, 2014;Ait El Mokhtar et al, 2019). In other terms, the resilience and hence sustainability of oasis agriculture and ecosystems at large are questioned due to major negative environmental and socioeconomic impacts (Ait El Mokhtar et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introduction : Old Issues But New Emergenciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced and emerging agricultural innovations for securing food, climate and ecosystems in Moroccan oasis

Mrabet¹

2022

J. OASIS AGRIC. SUSTAIN. DEV

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In Morocco, oasis ecosystems cover 15% of country’s lands and are bright spots of rich biodiversity and multi-functionality but hot spots of land degradation, social vulnerability and water and food insecurity. Hence there is a need to shift from assessing risks and hazards in these ecosystems to effectively capture key drivers and pursue solutions and measures to reduce vulnerability and enhance adaptive and productive capacity. In other terms, the food-environment dilemma requires urgently revitalizing these fragile agro-ecosystems in order to re-nurture the population, to strengthen society growth and food-related value chains and bring back resilience and sustainable development. In doing so, it is imperative to enforce, develop and encourage adoption of state of the art but adapted innovations and support knowledge sharing processes and approaches that drive implementation and up/deep scaling of innovations within ecosystems and by communities. A large array of innovations and technologies is emerging pertaining to advanced biotechnology, agro-ecology, smart-irrigation management, disease monitoring, control and safety, food industry, livestock, soil security, landscape management and institutional policy and governance. The paper seeks to present an integrated view of these stock takes and how they can help in addressing simultaneously climate change and food security, spatial prioritization, closing gaps, strong interfacing of society and ecology and achieving land degradation neutrality.

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Climate Change and Its Impacts on Oases Ecosystem in Morocco

Cited by 7 publications

References 39 publications

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Mediate Drought Tolerance and Recovery in Two Contrasting Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) Ecotypes by Regulating Stomatal, Water Relations, and (In)Organic Adjustments

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Mediate Drought Tolerance and Recovery in Two Contrasting Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) Ecotypes by Regulating Stomatal, Water Relations, and (In)Organic Adjustments

Assessment of CMIP6 Multi-Model Projections Worldwide: Which Regions Are Getting Warmer and Are Going through a Drought in Africa and Morocco? What Changes from CMIP5 to CMIP6?

Advanced and emerging agricultural innovations for securing food, climate and ecosystems in Moroccan oasis

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