Clay Mineralogy of Selected Soils in Southern Nigeria

Gallez, A.; Juo, A. S. R.; Herbillon, A. J.; Moormann, F. R.

doi:10.2136/sssaj1975.03615995003900030051x

Cited by 43 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Soil kaolinites (median = 35 m2 g-') have much higher surface areas than the standard kaolinites (median = 10 m2 g-I). The higher surface area of the soil kaolinites is consistent with the very small crystal sizes observed by electron microscopy as has been reported elsewhere for soil kaolinites (Gallez et al, 1975;Koppi & Skjemstad, 1981). Surface area increased with increasing WHH of basal reflections and asymmetry index of the 001 reflection, properties which also indirectly indicate the smaller crystal size of soil kaolinites.…”

Section: Surface Areasupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Kaolinite is one of the most widespread clay minerals in soils, especially those of warm, moist climates (Dixon, 1989). The deeply weathered saprolite underlying many highly weathered soils is dominated by kaolinite and soils developed from such materials are also often dominated by kaolinite (Gilkes et al, 1973;Gallez et al, 1975;Calvert et al, 1980;Melfi et al, 1983). The crystallinity of soil kaolinite varies considerably but kaolinites from highly weathered soils are usually disordered (Hughes & Brown, 1979).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Properties of soil kaolinites from south‐western Australia

Singh

Gilkes

1992

Journal of Soil Science

128

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The clay fraction of soils from south-western Australia is dominated by kaolinite. These soil kaolinites give broad basal reflections (median value for WHH 001 = 0.41" 20) and have poorly ordered structures. The median value of the Hughes & Brown crystallinity index for 35 soil kaolinites is 5.4 compared to 42.0 for mineral standard kaolinites. The median values for surface area and cation exchange capacity of soil kaolinites are 35 m2 g-' and 56.7 mmol, kg-I, respectively, compared to 10 m2 g-' and4.8 mmol, kg-l for standard kaolinites. The dehydroxylation temperature of soil kaolinites is about 50 K lower than for standard kaolinites and decreases with increasing Fe content.Soil kaolinite crystals are much smaller (c. 0.10 pm) and are irregular subrounded to rounded plates in comparison to the larger (c. 0.28 pm), perfectly hexagonal euhedral plates of Georgia kaolinite. Analytical electron microscopy of single soil kaolinite crystals indicates that the Fe content varies with an average value of c. 2.5% Fe,O,. X-ray diffraction line broadening data indicate that crystal size decreases as the Fe content increases. Crystal order also decreases with increasing Fe content. The P sorption maximum of soil kaolinite ranges from 48W554 pg P g-l and is thus about six times larger than for the clay fraction of Georgia kaolinite. Soil kaolinite (235) 2 .oo 4 .OO 6.00 X-ray energy (keV) Fig. 12. EDAX spectra for Georgia and soil kaolinite (sample 235) single crystals similar to those indicated by the arrows in the micrographs.

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Section: Surface Areasupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of soil kaolinites from south‐western Australia

Singh

Gilkes

1992

Journal of Soil Science

128

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“…5) of the samples confirmed the presence of kaolinite. This is widely distributed in soils of the humid and subhumid tropics, being formed principally through weathering of feldspar, mica and other primary minerals, and is the most abundant clay mineral in some soils from eastern Nigeria (Jungerius & Levelt, 1964;Gallez et al 1975;Udo, 1977). Prominent peaks at 0-426 nm and 0-335 nm in the diffractograms of Mg-saturated clays, which persisted after ethylene glycol solvation and heat treatments (330 °C and 550 °C), indicated the presence of quartz.…”

Section: Interpretations Of X-ray Diffractograms and Transmission Elementioning

confidence: 99%

Soil properties and mineralogy in relation to land use on a sedimentary toposequence in south-eastern Nigeria

1989

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S U M M A R YThe mineralogy of the clay fraction (<2/*m) of nine soil samples representing three physiographic positions of a toposequence in Ochon, south-eastern Nigeria, was determined by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.Soils in the crest and middle slopes (pedons TE1 and TE2, respectively) of the toposequence, formed over fine-grained sandstone, were coarse-textured, well-drained and acidic and had low effective cation exchange capacity and percentage base saturation. Kaolinite, mica, quartz, goethite and gibbsite were the principal minerals identified in the clay fraction of these soils. Soils in the valley bottom (pedon TE3) formed over arenaceous shale were, on the other hand, fine-textured, poorly drained and weakly acidic with higher cation exchange capacity and percentage base saturation. Their clay fraction mineralogy was similar to that of the well-drained upland soils but additionally included feldspar and smectite/vermiculite mixed layer minerals.Mixed cropping of yam, cassava, maize and other annuals under traditional methods was carried out on the drier, well-drained crest and upper slopes while sole cropping of lowland rice occurred in the poorly drained, more fertile valley-bottom site. The valley-bottom soils show greater potential for improvement in agricultural productivity under good management than the upland soils.

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“…Below this value, the adsorption complex was dominated by positive charge. For Alfisols in the tropical Nigeria (Gallez et al, 1975), the H 2 O-pH value to reach the pzc was 3.3. For Oxisols in different tropical areas (van Raij and Peech, 1972), it was reported to be 4.0.…”

Section: Chemical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 91%

Chemical and Mineralogical Properties of Ultisols of Sasamba Area, East Kalimantan

Prasetyo¹,

Suharta²,

Subagyo³

et al. 2016

Indones. J. Agric. Sci.

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Ultisols are a major group of marginal soils extensively found in the upland area of Indonesia. To better understand the potential of the Ultisols developed from claystone and sandstone in the Sasamba Integrated Economical Development Area in East Kalimantan, chemical and mineralogical characteristics of 27 Ultisols pedons consisting of 76 topsoil and 118 subsoil samples were investigated. Besides analysis and interpretation of data, relationships of several soil characteristics were constructed using simple regression. The results indicated that Ultisols showed acid to very acid reaction, had low content of organic matter and low base saturation. Soils generally exhibited net negative charge, and the point of zero charge was reached at pH 3.6. Both potential and available phosphates were low, and there was a trend that amorphous aluminum was responsible for phosphate fixation. The low content of exchangeable potassium in topsoil and subsoil indicated a positive correlation with potential potassium. Clay mineral was composed chiefly of kaolinite, with small amounts of illite, vermiculite, and quartz. The domination of kaolinite and low organic matter content causes the soils to have low cation exchange capacity. Soil management in this area should be focused on building up and maintaining soil fertility, and applying appropriate soil conservation techniques to minimize erosion. To obtain sustained productivity, various soil amendments including the use of farm and/or green manure, liming with agricultural lime, and application of rock phosphate and K fertilizers were highly recommended.

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Clay Mineralogy of Selected Soils in Southern Nigeria

Cited by 43 publications

References 0 publications

Properties of soil kaolinites from south‐western Australia

Properties of soil kaolinites from south‐western Australia

Soil properties and mineralogy in relation to land use on a sedimentary toposequence in south-eastern Nigeria

Chemical and Mineralogical Properties of Ultisols of Sasamba Area, East Kalimantan

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