Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganesis: Tracking strains using their genetic differentiations by ISSR markers in Southern Turkey

Baysal, Ömür; Mercati, Francesco; Ikten, Hatice; Yıldız, Raziye Çetinkaya; Carimi, Francesco; Aysan, Y.; Silva, Jaime A. Teixeira da

doi:10.1016/j.pmpp.2010.10.002

Cited by 28 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…michiganensis polyclonal antibodies (Plant Research International, Wageningen, The Netherlands, and Loewe). Strain suspensions adjusted to 1 ϫ 10 6 and 1 ϫ 10 5 CFU/ml in sterile distilled water were deposited on 40-l glass slide wells and fixed with alcohol. Immunofluorescence was performed using the French reference method (3).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic Analysis and Polyphasic Characterization of Clavibacter michiganensis Strains Isolated from Tomato Seeds Reveal that Nonpathogenic Strains Are Distinct from C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis

Martin

Durand

Orgeur

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

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fThe genus Clavibacter comprises one species and five subspecies of plant-pathogenic bacteria, four of which are classified as quarantine organisms due to the high economic threat they pose. Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis is one of the most important pathogens of tomato, but the recommended diagnostic tools are not satisfactory due to false-negative and/or -positive results. To provide a robust analysis of the genetic relatedness among a worldwide collection of C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis strains, relatives (strains from the four other C. michiganensis subspecies), and nonpathogenic Clavibacter-like strains isolated from tomato, we performed multilocus sequence-based analysis and typing (MLSA and MLST) based on six housekeeping genes (atpD, dnaK, gyrB, ppK, recA, and rpoB). We compared this "framework" with phenotypic and genotypic characteristics such as pathogenicity on tomato, reaction to two antisera by immunofluorescence and to five PCR identification tests, and the presence of four genes encoding the main C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis pathogenicity determinants. We showed that C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis is monophyletic and is distinct from its closest taxonomic neighbors. The nonpathogenic Clavibacter-like strains were identified as C. michiganensis using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. These strains, while cross-reacting with C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis identification tools, are phylogenetically distinct from the pathogenic strains but belong to the C. michiganensis clade. C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis clonal complexes linked strains from highly diverse geographical origins and also strains isolated over long periods of time in the same location. This illustrates the importance of seed transmission in the worldwide dispersion of this pathogen and its survival and adaptation abilities in a new environment once introduced.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic Analysis and Polyphasic Characterization of Clavibacter michiganensis Strains Isolated from Tomato Seeds Reveal that Nonpathogenic Strains Are Distinct from C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis

Martin

Durand

Orgeur

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Study of the diversity of plant pathogenic bacteria has a primordial interest especially for disease epidemiology, such as studies on the source and outbreaks of the disease (Mogen et al 1990;de Leon et al 2009;Baysal et al 2010) or on ways to prevent the spread of the pathogen. Plant pathogenic Actinobacteria include species belonging to the following orders and families:…”

Section: Plant Pathogenic Actinobacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of Plant Associated Actinobacteria

Bouizgarne

Aouamar

2014

Sustainable Development and Biodiversity

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The phylum Actinobacteria encompasses Gram-positive bacteria with a high DNA G+C. In soils, they present multiple lifestyles: rhizosphere saprophytes, endophytes, facultative symbionts and obligate phytopathogens. They play either beneficial or adverse effects towards plants. Numerous studies focused on their taxonomy and preservation. Also, adequate strategies were developed to enable their isolation. Phenotypically, the Actinobacteria is one of the most diverse phyla within bacteria. Their presence was once monitored by classical culture dependent techniques and phenetic characterization. Development of culture independent methods including chemotaxonomic and genomic approaches such as 16S rRNA gene analysis allowed to detect the so called unculturable bacteria. Major works on their diversity combine culture dependant and independant techniques. This chapter focuses on the phenetic and genetic diversity of Actinobacteria in plant-soil systems. It begins with some knowledge of their biology and their taxonomy, followed by a brief overview of the methods that have facilitated advances in the understanding of their diversity. It also discusses diversity of ecologically important plant associated Actinobacteria (rhizosphere and phyllosphere colonizers, endophytes, symbionts and phytopathogens).

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“…Similar results were found in studies with strains from Israel isolated between 1998and 2005(Kleitman et al, 2008. In Turkey, using strains from outbreaks between 2005 and 2009 from different production fields, strains could be divided into five genetic clades, indicating multiple introductions probably via seeds or plantlets, but in other cases strains were genetically related indicating local spread (Baysal et al, 2011). In Michigan (USA), outbreaks were recorded in 1997 and 1998.…”

Section: Seeds and Planting Materials Versus Crop Debrismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the south-west of India, infected production fields were found during surveys, with disease incidences between 25 % and 48 %, indicating that the disease can also occur in hot climates. In Turkey in 2011, high losses and a disease incidence of almost 100 % were found in commercial fields (Baysal et al, 2011). Disease outbreaks were associated with the use of infected seeds (Umesha, 2006).…”

Section: Pest Effects On Host Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the pest categorisation of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Smith) Davis et al.

Rossi¹

2014

EFS2

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The European Commission requested the EFSA Panel on Plant Health to perform the pest categorisation for Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm). The agent responsible for vascular tomato wilt and canker is the clearly defined and valid gram‐positive taxon C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. This pathogen can be accurately identified based on a range of sensitive and specific methods. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is the main host, but peppers (Capsicum annum and C. frutescens) are also naturally susceptible to Cmm. These host plants are cultivated throughout Europe and conditions are conducive to disease development in open fields in southern Europe and in greenhouses. The disease is present in many EU Member States. Outbreaks are rare but usually severe. It causes a range of symptoms on the aerial parts of plants, including the fruits. Detection methods are available for any type of plant material either presenting symptoms or symptomless. Seed testing has proven to be a good control option by discarding contaminated seed lots. Despite tomato seed production being done under strict sanitation using recommended practices, seed contamination still occurs occasionally. Contaminated seeds and transplants are responsible for long‐distance dissemination of the pathogen. Under conducive conditions, even low levels of seed contamination can result in disease outbreaks. Cultivation practices can favour secondary spread of the bacterium and an increase in disease incidence both in greenhouse and in open‐field crops. No effective biological or chemical control agents are registered for bacterial canker in Europe. Cmm meets all criteria defined in International Standard for Phytosanitary Measures (ISPM) 21. Cmm meets all ISPM 11 criteria, although it has been observed in 16 EU Member States. The outbreaks are usually severe but sporadic.

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Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganesis: Tracking strains using their genetic differentiations by ISSR markers in Southern Turkey

Cited by 28 publications

References 30 publications

Phylogenetic Analysis and Polyphasic Characterization of Clavibacter michiganensis Strains Isolated from Tomato Seeds Reveal that Nonpathogenic Strains Are Distinct from C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis

Phylogenetic Analysis and Polyphasic Characterization of Clavibacter michiganensis Strains Isolated from Tomato Seeds Reveal that Nonpathogenic Strains Are Distinct from C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis

Diversity of Plant Associated Actinobacteria

Scientific Opinion on the pest categorisation of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Smith) Davis et al.

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