Classification of high-voltage varistors into groups of differentiated quality

Hasse, L.; Konczakowska, Alicja; Smulko, Janusz

doi:10.1016/j.microrel.2009.06.008

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy (RUS) is a technique that consists of subjecting the material under test to sound signals at different frequencies (performing a frequency sweep). RUS makes it possible to study the elastic properties of various materials and measure the natural frequencies of vibrations [ 91 ]. Figure 18 presents a measurement diagram of the RUS method, in which the output of a sine signal generator is amplified and applied to a piezoelectric exciter.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Bibliometric and Comprehensive Review on Condition Monitoring of Metal Oxide Surge Arresters

Zacarias,

Sant’Ana

2023

Sensors

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This paper presents a literature review on the subject of Condition-Based Maintenance of surge arresters. Both a bibliometric analysis and traditional comprehensive research are presented. The bibliometric analysis is useful for obtaining insights about the literature. It quantitatively highlights relationships between journals, authors and keywords (related to the monitoring methods) and reveals future trends for research based on the timeline of the keywords. The traditional comprehensive literature review is also presented. It summarizes the methods, their advantages and disadvantages and also points to some known measurement issues of the methods. Both online (leakage current, harmonic components, temperature, partial discharges, power loss and the counting of discharges) and offline (reference voltage, residual voltage, insulation resistance, polarization/depolarization, return voltage, microscopy, spectrometry, X-ray, RUS and the recent application of FRA) methods have been qualitatively analyzed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Bibliometric and Comprehensive Review on Condition Monitoring of Metal Oxide Surge Arresters

Zacarias,

Sant’Ana

2023

Sensors

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“…At low currents, MOVs can reach very high resistance (≤10 GΩ) in the leakage region, which varies with temperature and frequency. At high currents, low resistance equal to the bulk resistance of ZnO grains (1–10 Ω) can occur in the upturn region [ 51 , 53 ]. In the nonlinear region (conduction mode), MOVs can achieve a high energy absorption capability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Normal varistor operation begins at a threshold or breakdown voltage (V B ) at a current of 1 mA, denoted as V 1mA , when α can reach a maximum value [ 52 , 53 , 55 ]. An α value greater than 30 suggests good contact between ZnO grains [ 53 ], while an α value less than 10 indicates poor boundary junctions between ZnO grains, resulting in unsatisfactory electrical (E–J) characteristics of MOVs [ 53 , 56 ]. Typical α values of ZnO-based varistors range from 20 to 70 [ 57 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Dopants and Processing Parameters on the Properties of ZnO-V2O5-Based Varistors Prepared by Powder Metallurgy: A Review

Lungu¹

2023

Materials

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This article reviews the progress in developing ZnO-V2O5-based metal oxide varistors (MOVs) using powder metallurgy (PM) techniques. The aim is to create new, advanced ceramic materials for MOVs with comparable or superior functional properties to ZnO-Bi2O3 varistors using fewer dopants. The survey emphasizes the importance of a homogeneous microstructure and desirable varistor properties, such as high nonlinearity (α), low leakage current density (JL), high energy absorption capability, reduced power loss, and stability for reliable MOVs. This study investigates the effect of V2O5 and MO additives on the microstructure, electrical and dielectric properties, and aging behavior of ZnO-based varistors. The findings show that MOVs with 0.25–2 mol.% V2O5 and MO additives sintered in air over 800 °C contain a primary phase of ZnO with a hexagonal wurtzite structure and several secondary phases that impact the MOV performance. The MO additives, such as Bi2O3, In2O3, Sb2O3, transition element oxides, and rare earth oxides, act as ZnO grain growth inhibitors and enhance the density, microstructure homogeneity, and nonlinearity. Refinement of the microstructure of MOVs and consolidation under appropriate PM conditions improve their electrical properties (JL ≤ 0.2 mA/cm2, α of 22–153) and stability. The review recommends further developing and investigating large-sized MOVs from the ZnO-V2O5 systems using these techniques.

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“…Particularly significant are such testing and fault identification methods that enable diagnostics without interfering with a tested system or tested components. The examples of such solutions (nondestructive testing) are: quality (reliability) evaluation on the basis of inherent noise [1][2][3][4][5][6][7], Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy technique [8] or infrared thermography inspections [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of infrared thermography to non-contact testing of AD/DC power supply

Galla

Konczakowska

2016

FACTA U EE

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Testing of AC/DC power supplies using the thermography was carried out in order to assess their assembly and operation correctness before launching them on the market. The investigation was carried out for 17 AC/DC power supplies which passed the standard tests (measurements of their basic parameters and characteristics). The investigation consisted of two steps. In the first step the dispersion of temperature on power supply boards was measured after 20 minutes operating in nominal conditions. Three regions were defined as potentially revealing a failure. In the second step the acceptable temperature increments on the boards of tested power supplies were evaluated. It was proposed to assess properties of power supplies on the basis of temperature increments on their boards, registered by an infrared camera either for 12 minutes or up to 20 minutes.

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Classification of high-voltage varistors into groups of differentiated quality

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

A Bibliometric and Comprehensive Review on Condition Monitoring of Metal Oxide Surge Arresters

A Bibliometric and Comprehensive Review on Condition Monitoring of Metal Oxide Surge Arresters

Effects of Dopants and Processing Parameters on the Properties of ZnO-V2O5-Based Varistors Prepared by Powder Metallurgy: A Review

Application of infrared thermography to non-contact testing of AD/DC power supply

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