Classical Coronaviruses

Jaiswal, Neeshma; Saxena, Shailendra K.

doi:10.1007/978-981-15-4814-7_12

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The coronavirus genome size ranges from approximately 26 to 32 kilobases, which is the largest known genome of an RNA virus. CoVs are classified as alphacoronaviruses and betacoronaviruses, both of which originate from bats and occur mainly in mammals, such as bats, rodents, civets, and humans; and gammacoronaviruses and deltacoronaviruses, both of which have their gene source from avian genes and are mainly present in birds [ 45 , 46 , 47 ]. In the structure of the CoVs is present non-segmented genomes, which share a similar organization.…”

Section: Coronavirus Familymentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2: Outline, Prevention, and Decontamination

et al. 2021

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The new coronavirus began to spread around the world in late 2019. Initially, it was found only in China, but in the following days there were reported cases of infections in other countries. Subsequently, based on taxonomy, phylogeny, and accepted practice, the virus was officially designated as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As a result of the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 in different countries around the world, on March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced a status change in the disease caused by this coronavirus—from an epidemic to a pandemic disease. Although the world is taking unprecedented efforts to control the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the number of confirmed cases is rising. Therefore, effective preventive measures are needed in order to limit the spread of illness. The prevention measures are mainly based on information on the virus transmission routes, its environmental stability, and persistence on commonly touched surfaces. Social distancing, mask usage, and good hygiene practice are the most important recommendations for general public. Healthcare professionals who are directly involved in SARS-CoV-2 patients care are more exposed to virus infection and additional protection measures are necessary, including protective suits, aprons, face shields, goggles, and gloves. Due to the stability of SARS-CoV-2 on different surfaces, such as glass, paper, or wood, proper disinfection is crucial. Several studies have shown that despite the virus’s stability, it is sensitive to various disinfectants, such as ethanol, isopropanol, sodium hypochlorite, or hydrogen peroxide. These findings underline the importance of having comprehensive knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 and multidirectional strategies in order to limit the spread of the virus. This review is a summary of the most important information about SARS-CoV-2, such as its stability on different surfaces, protection strategies, and decontamination options.

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Section: Coronavirus Familymentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2: Outline, Prevention, and Decontamination

et al. 2021

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“…From these animal origins, they can undergo mutation, recombination and adaptation and be passed on to humans ( Health24, 2020 ; Lau et al, 2020 ; WHO, 2020a ). The first coronavirus was characterised and identified in humans in the mid-1960s ( Kahn and McIntosh, 2005 ; Andersen et al, 2020 ; Jaiswal and Saxena, 2020 .). To date, seven coronaviruses have been recorded in humans and are classified as α-coronaviruses (NL63 and 229E) and β-coronaviruses (OC43 and HKU1) ( Andersen et al, 2020 ; Jaiswal and Saxena, 2020 .).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first coronavirus was characterised and identified in humans in the mid-1960s ( Kahn and McIntosh, 2005 ; Andersen et al, 2020 ; Jaiswal and Saxena, 2020 .). To date, seven coronaviruses have been recorded in humans and are classified as α-coronaviruses (NL63 and 229E) and β-coronaviruses (OC43 and HKU1) ( Andersen et al, 2020 ; Jaiswal and Saxena, 2020 .). The β-coronavirus SARS-CoV, which causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was first recorded in humans in 2002 ( Lau et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural product remedies for COVID-19: A focus on safety

Omokhua-Uyi

Staden

2021

South African Journal of Botany

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Infection by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 causing the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), is currently a global pandemic with nearly two million deaths to date. Though a number of vaccines have recently been approved against the virus, availability remains a big challenge, and also acceptance by most people has become a big debate. This review discusses possible/ proposed natural product remedies and some major conventional treatment options used to manage the infection and, safety concerns on the use of unproven or unapproved health products against COVID-19. An extensive literature review indicated that the influx of unproven and unapproved health products in the global market are on the rise, leading to various forms of self- medication. To this effect, there have been warnings by the United States Food and Drug Administration and the World Health Organisation against the use of such products. Conventional drugs such as remdesivir, chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine and dexamethasone are the major proposed drugs that are currently undergoing clinical trials for the management of this disease. Efforts are being made globally in the search for possible therapeutics which may be the best way to eradicating this disease. Some countries have approved the use of natural products in the management of COVID-19, despite little or no clinical evidence on their efficacy and safety. Natural products may hold a great potential in the fight against COVID-19 but without detailed clinical trials, their potency against the virus and their safe use cannot be established. To attain this goal, extensive research followed by clinical studies are needed. Collaborative efforts between researchers, clinicians, governments and traditional medicinal practitioners in the search and development of safe and effective therapeutics from natural products for the treatment of COVID-19 could be a potential option.

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“…Four CoVs genera are defined. These genera consist of α-coronaviruses, β-coronaviruses, γ-coronaviruses, and δ-coronaviruses [ 2 ]. Seven CoVs are identified to cause human disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 journey to the brain with a focus on potential role of docosahexaenoic acid bioactive lipid mediators

Hachem

2021

Biochimie

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Coronavirus Disease 2019 or COVID-19 have infected till day 82,579,768 confirmed cases including 1,818,849 deaths, reported by World Health Organization WHO. COVID-19, originated by Severe Acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), contributes to respiratory distress in addition to neurological symptoms in some patients. In the current review, we focused on the neurological complications associated with COVID-19. We discussed different pathways followed by RNA-virus, especially Flaviviridae family in the brain and passage through the Blood-Brain-Barrier BBB. Then, we explored SARS-CoV-2 mechanisms responsible of neuroinvasion and BBB disruption as well as the immunopathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 in the central nervous system CNS. Since SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped virus, enclosed in a lipid bilayer and that lipids are essential cell components playing numerous biological roles in viral infection and replication, we investigated the lipid metabolism remodeling upon coronavirus replication. We also highlighted the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective potential of an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid DHA, as well as several bioactive lipid mediators. Altogether, our data allow better understanding of SARS-CoV-2 neuroinvasion and could assist in drug targeting to decline the burden of short-term and long-term neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2.

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Classical Coronaviruses

Cited by 15 publications

References 37 publications

SARS-CoV-2: Outline, Prevention, and Decontamination

SARS-CoV-2: Outline, Prevention, and Decontamination

Natural product remedies for COVID-19: A focus on safety

SARS-CoV-2 journey to the brain with a focus on potential role of docosahexaenoic acid bioactive lipid mediators

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