Clarity in reporting terminology and definitions of set endpoints in resistance training

Steele, James; Fisher, James; Gießing, Jürgen; Gentil, Paulo

doi:10.1002/mus.25557

Cited by 160 publications

(193 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…On the first and second weeks each participant completed a bench press 1RM test in order to ascertain the reliability of their 1RM, followed by three sub maximal familiarisation sets with the Slingshot in preparation for week three. In week three each participant completed as many repetitions as possible to momentary concentric failure 21 with their pre-determined 1RM whilst wearing the Slingshot. Each participant performed a standardised warm up of 5-10 repetitions using a light load with one minute rest, followed by two heavier warm-up sets of 2-5 reps, with a 2 minute rest between sets.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ‘Slingshot’ can enhance volume-loads during performance of bench press using unaided maximal loads

Niblock¹,

Steele²

2017

Journal of Trainology

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Objective: To examine whether using the Slingshot will enable participants to perform a greater volume-load during bench press repetitions with a maximal load and increase set volume-load compared to an unaided condition. Summary of Background Data:Literature suggests that increased volume-loads during training may aid in improving strength, and further maximises mechanical tension and metabolic stress potentially leading to increased hypertrophy. It has been suggested that a new piece of equipment, called the Slingshot could be used in training to improve performance in the bench press by enabling individuals to increase their training volume whilst using maximal loads.Method: Nine trained male participants volunteered to participate. Each participant performed a bench press one repetition maximum (1RM) test before completing repetitions to momentary failure using the Slingshot one week later. Volume-load for each condition was calculated as repetitions (n) × load (kg).Results: A paired samples t-Test comparing between conditions revealed a significant difference (p < 0.001) between volume loads performed unaided (96.1 ± 14.6 kg) and with the Slingshot (350 ± 103.7 kg). Conclusion:Using the slingshot in training does allow individuals to perform greater volume-loads with a maximal load; however longitudinal research must be conducted to ascertain the magnitude of any potential benefit from using it.(Journal of Trainology 2017;6:47-51)

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ‘Slingshot’ can enhance volume-loads during performance of bench press using unaided maximal loads

Niblock¹,

Steele²

2017

Journal of Trainology

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“…Performing repetitions until momentary failure plays a key role in low volume resistance training [39]. In this regard, performing multi-joint exercises with an incentive for competitors to perform sets to the point of failure, as previously defined by Steele et al [40], might be an optimal stimulus for promoting muscle hypertrophy with reduced training volume, which could help to prevent a catabolic state during the cutting phase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical Profile and Body Composition Alteration of Amateur Bodybuilders during the Pre-Contest Period

Souza

Santos

Jesus³

et al. 2018

JFMK

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Abstract:The paper aims to analyze body composition and biochemical profile alterations in amateur bodybuilders during the cutting phase of a contest preparation, and to discuss them in light of scientific evidence. For the purpose of this study, bodybuilders and coaches provided details of drug administration, supplement use and training schedule. The four participants were two men competing in different Men's Physique categories, one woman in the Wellness category, and one woman competing in the Bikini category. Participants were evaluated for anthropometry and body composition before and after the cutting phase. There was an evident decrease in body fat for most of the participants during the cutting phase without evident loss of fat-free mass. In general, participants performed high volume resistance training combined with aerobic training. Regarding drug administration, participants used high doses of anabolic androgen steroids (AAS), combined with clenbuterol, thyroid hormone, and ephedrine. Blood analysis revealed alterations in lipid profiles, with increased total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. There were marked alterations in markers of liver (aspartate aminotransferase) and cardiac (MB isoenzyme creatine kinase) damage. Our analysis suggests that the strategies adopted by bodybuilders during the pre-contest phase (high use of AAS and stimulant-based substances) may result in an increased risk of heart disease and liver dysfunction.

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“…Before each session, 10 repetitions were performed at 30% of the 6RM load in each exercise as warm up. The participants were oriented to training to momentary concentric failure, as previously defined to control effort between conditions [22]. During training, the loads were adjusted between each set to allow momentary concentric failure to occur in the required repetition range (6 or 15RM).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute effects of different resistance training loads on cardiac autonomic modulation in hypertensive postmenopausal women

et al. 2018

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BackgroundIndividuals with arterial hypertension often have an autonomic nervous system (ANS) imbalance with predominance of sympathetic ANS. This predominance can lead to injury of several organs affecting its functioning. There is evidence that performing high intensity resistance training (RT) with heavier loads and a lower number of repetitions results in lower cardiovascular stress when compared with lighter loads and a higher number of repetitions. However, the effects of different protocols of RT in autonomic modulation are not known. Therefore, the aim of the study was to analyze and compare the effects of different protocols of high intensity of effort RT on autonomic cardiac modulation of hypertensive women.MethodsA randomized crossover design clinical trial was conducted with 15 postmenopausal hypertensive women who underwent a control session and two high intensity RT protocols involving 6 and 15 repetition maximum (RM). Heart rate variability (HRV), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR) and double product (DP) were collected pre, immediately post, 1 h post, and 24 h post each protocol. Repeated-measures ANOVA were used.ResultsSBP was higher for 6RM than control immediately after session (p < 0.05). There were no differences for DBP among protocols (p ≥ 0.05). HR was higher for 15RM than 6RM and control immediately after and 1 h after session (p ≤ 0.05). DP values for 15RM were significantly higher than 6RM and control immediately after the session and remained higher than control 1 h after session (p ≤ 0.05). The indices that compose HRV (rMSSD) were lower after 15RM than 6RM and control (p ≥ 0.05). The parameters of parasympathetic activity (HF) were decreased and sympathetic (LF) activity was increased for 15RM when compared to the 6RM and control session immediately after the exercise session (p ≤ 0.05).ConclusionPerforming high intensity RT with lower loads and a higher number of repetitions seems to promote acute increases in sympathetic ANS activity, which may be related to cardiovascular stress. On the other hand, heavier load and lower repetition RT did not significantly impact upon autonomic modulation when compared to a control session.

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Clarity in reporting terminology and definitions of set endpoints in resistance training

Cited by 160 publications

References 40 publications

The ‘Slingshot’ can enhance volume-loads during performance of bench press using unaided maximal loads

The ‘Slingshot’ can enhance volume-loads during performance of bench press using unaided maximal loads

Biochemical Profile and Body Composition Alteration of Amateur Bodybuilders during the Pre-Contest Period

Acute effects of different resistance training loads on cardiac autonomic modulation in hypertensive postmenopausal women

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