Clarifying the Role of Negative Emotions in the Origin and Control of Impulsive Actions

Eben, Charlotte; Billieux, Joël; Verbruggen, Frederick

doi:10.5334/pb.502

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…For example, Amsel [20] observed that hungry rats who were trained to obtain food in two runways ran faster in the second runway when they failed to obtain (the expected) food in the first runway. More generally, several theoretical frameworks assume an influence of such negative affective states on actions (for a review see [23]). For example, Frijda [24] suggests that events are appraised by individuals as pleasant or unpleasant, triggering states of action readiness (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A direct and conceptual replication of post-loss speeding when gambling

et al. 2020

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To investigate the response to suboptimal outcomes, Verbuggen et al. (Verbruggen F, Chambers CD, Lawrence NS, McLaren IPL. 2017 Winning and losing: effects on impulsive action. J. Exp. Psychol.: Hum. Percept. Perform. 43 , 147. ( doi:10.1037/xhp0000284 )) conducted a study in which participants chose between a gamble and a non-gamble option. The non-gamble option was a guaranteed amount of points, whereas the gamble option was associated with a higher amount but a lower probability of winning. The authors observed that participants initiated the next trial faster after a loss compared to wins or non-gambles. In the present study, we directly replicated these findings in the laboratory and online. We also designed another task controlling for the number of trials per outcome. In this task, participants guessed where a reward was hidden. They won points if they selected the correct location, but lost points if they selected the incorrect location. We included neutral trials as a baseline. Again, participants sped up after a loss relative to wins and neutral trials (but only with a response choice in neutral trials and a large sample size). These findings appear inconsistent with cognitive-control frameworks, which assume that suboptimal outcomes typically lead to slower responses; instead, they suggest that suboptimal outcomes can invigorate behaviour, consistent with accounts of frustrative non-reward and impulsive action.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A direct and conceptual replication of post-loss speeding when gambling

et al. 2020

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“…As such, changes in the SAT policy between the two contexts were engendered by manipulating the penalty size. However, even if error punishment is known to increase cautiousness (Potts 2011, Derosiere et al 2021b), as desired here, monetary losses also generate an emotional response (Carver 2006, Simoes-Franklin et al 2010, Frijda et al 2014, Eben et al 2020a), a sense of frustration increasing with the size of the loss (Gehring et al 2002, Holroyd et al 2004, Yeung and Sanfey 2004, Eben et al 2020c). Importantly, such negative emotion has been shown to induce a post-error acceleration of RTs rather than a slowdown (Purcell and Kiani 2016, Verbruggen et al 2017, Dyson et al 2018, Damaso et al 2020, Eben et al 2020c, Dyson 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Post-error slowing reflects the joint impact of adaptive and maladaptive processes during decision making

Fievez

Derosière

Verbruggen

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Errors and their consequences are typically studied by investigating changes in decision speed and accuracy in trials that follow an error, commonly referred to as "post-error adjustments". Many studies have reported that subjects slow down following an error, a phenomenon called "post-error slowing" (PES). However, the functional significance of PES is still a matter of debate as it is not always adaptive. That is, it is not always associated with a gain in performance and can even occur with a decline in accuracy. Here, we hypothesized that the nature of PES is influenced by one's speed-accuracy tradeoff policy, which determines the overall level of choice accuracy in the task at hand. To test this hypothesis, we investigated post-error adjustments in subjects performing the same task while they were required to either emphasize speed (low accuracy) or cautiousness (high accuracy) in two distinct contexts (hasty and cautious contexts, respectively) experienced on separate days. Accordingly, our data indicate that post-error adjustments varied according to the context in which subjects performed the task, with PES being solely significant in the hasty context. In addition, we only observed a gain in performance after errors in a specific trial type, suggesting that post-error adjustments depend on a complex combination of processes that affect the speed of ensuing actions as well as the degree to which such PES comes with a gain in performance.

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“…Within this framework, tendencies toward tremor are likely to covary to the greatest extent with motor impulsivity symptoms, though correlations with attentional symptoms are also possible (Cheyne et al, 2006). With respect to tasks thought to tap impulsive processes, one can distinguish phenomena such as delayed discounting (that relates to decision-making) from behavioral impulsivity itself (Eben et al, 2020) and motor control difficulties, as we have assessed them, should correlate more strongly with indices focused on behavior rather than decision-making. In summary, there are a variety of useful directions that could be pursued when linking motor control difficulties to other tasks and frameworks posited in the impulsivity literature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The momentary and the macro in action control: A motor control analysis of impulse control difficulties.

Robinson¹,

Klein²

2022

Emotion

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According to cybernetic models of self-regulation, the success of one’s overt behaviors may very well depend on how well one controls one’s behaviors in more momentary terms. The present research applies such perspectives to the analysis of individual differences in impulse control difficulties, which are thought to constitute losses of control in responses to stressors or distress, representing a form of emotional impulsivity. In three studies (total N = 349), undergraduate participants were asked to perform motor control tasks involving stationary or moving targets, which permitted the computation of a tremor instability index that represented the extent to which movements were noisy or unpredictable (less controlled) from moment to moment. Study 1 found that individuals with higher levels of impulse control difficulties exhibited higher levels of tremor, Study 2 replicated this pattern, and Study 3 showed that the tremor instability index predicted similar contingencies in daily life. The findings, in total, identify a micromomentary signature of macrolevel tendencies toward emotional impulsivity.

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Clarifying the Role of Negative Emotions in the Origin and Control of Impulsive Actions

Cited by 20 publications

References 84 publications

A direct and conceptual replication of post-loss speeding when gambling

A direct and conceptual replication of post-loss speeding when gambling

Post-error slowing reflects the joint impact of adaptive and maladaptive processes during decision making

The momentary and the macro in action control: A motor control analysis of impulse control difficulties.

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