A direct and conceptual replication of post-loss speeding when gambling

Eben, Charlotte; Chen, Zhang; Vermeylen, Luc; Billieux, Joël; Verbruggen, Frederick

doi:10.1098/rsos.200090

Cited by 31 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(108 reference statements)

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“…In line with this, younger subjects in particular are known to adjust their performance based on feedback (Starns & Ratcliff, 2010). Alternatively, this error-based speeding could be attributed to the frustration associated with reward loss, as suggested by recent work (Eben et al, 2020; Verbruggen et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Dopamine and reward-related vigor in younger and older human participants

Hird

Beierholm

Boer

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Vigor reflects how motivated one is to respond to a stimulus. We previously showed that humans are more vigorous when more reward is available on average, and that this relationship is modulated by the dopamine precursor levodopa. Dopamine signalling and probabilistic reward learning degrade with age, so the relationship between vigor and reward should change with age. We test this and assess whether the relationship between vigor and reward correlates with D1 dopamine receptor availability measured using Positron Emission Tomography. We measured response times of 30 older and 30 younger subjects during an oddball discrimination task where rewards varied systematically between trial. Reward rate had a similar impact on the vigor of both groups. We observed a weak positive association across subjects between ventral striatal dopamine receptor availability and effect of average reward rate on response time, which was in the opposite direction to our prediction. Overall, the effect of reward on response vigor is similar between younger and older humans and is weakly sensitive to dopamine D1 receptor availability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Dopamine and reward-related vigor in younger and older human participants

Hird

Beierholm

Boer

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…(1) fast, continuous game play (Corr and Thompson, 2014;Eben et al, 2020;Harris & Griffiths, 2018;Mentzoni et al, 2012, Orford, 2019Russell et al, 2019); (2) prize structures resulting in rates of winning and losing that are more variable, less certain and greater in magnitude (Percy et al, under review;Parke and Parke, 2017;Zack et al, 2020) but are still capable of holding the players attention 12 (Dow-Schull, 2012;Orford, 2019;Turner, 2011); and (3) are provided within choice architecture 13 , or with misleading information, designed to exploit, rather than protect against, cognitive and emotional vulnerabilities exhibited during gambling (Behavioural Insights Team, 2018;Newall, 2019;Parke et al, 2016).…”

Section: Product Risk Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Safer by design: Building a collaborative, integrated and evidence-based framework to inform the regulation and mitigation of gambling product risk

Delfabbro

Parke

Dragecvic

et al. 2021

JGI

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Evidence suggests that harms may result from gambling participation as a result of a complex interaction between individual differences among consumers, environmental factors, and the characteristics of the gambling product. The latter of these factors, broadly referred to in this paper as product risk, has received increased policy attention in recent years. Product-focussed approaches to harm reduction, however, are under-developed relative to other forms of player protection and likely reflects the limitations of existing evidence and relative complexity of the topic. In this position paper, we define and explain the concept of product risk and consider what is currently known regarding the link between gambling products and harm. The paper describes the present barriers to develop effective product risk regulation and harm mitigation strategies. These include the competing interests of stakeholders, limited collaboration and information sharing, clear roles, responsibilities and leadership and a lack of integrated evidence-informed approaches. In response to these challenges, we propose adopting a framework comprised of a series of principles to progress this contested area of policy. The framework encourages better collaboration and communication between stakeholders; the accelerated production of valid and reliable evidence; a strategic alignment of stakeholder activity; and, more effective and efficient approaches to assessing and mitigating product risk.

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“…All raw data, processed data, experimental and analyses codes and materials can be found on https://osf.io/7xbth/ or with the doi: 10.17605/OSF.IO/7XBTH (Eben, Chen, Vermeylen, Billieux & Verbruggen, 2020).…”

Section: Fundingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A direct and conceptual replication of post-loss speeding when gambling

Eben¹,

Chen²,

Vermeylen³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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To investigate the response to sub-optimal outcomes, Verbruggen et al. (2017) conducted a study in which participants chose between a gamble and a non-gamble option. The non-gamble option was a guaranteed amount of points, whereas the gamble option was associated with a higher amount but a lower probability of winning. The authors observed that participants initiated the next trial faster after a loss compared to wins or non-gambles. In the present study, we directly replicated these findings in the lab and online. We also designed another task controlling for the number of trials per outcome. In this task, participants guessed where a reward was hidden. They won points if they selected the correct location, but lost points if they selected the incorrect location. We included neutral trials as a baseline. Again, participants sped up after a loss relative to wins and neutral trials (but only with a response choice in neutral trials and a large sample size). These findings appear inconsistent with cognitive-control frameworks, which assume that sub-optimal outcomes typically lead to slower responses; instead, they suggest that sub-optimal outcomes can invigorate behaviour consistent with accounts of frustrative non-reward and impulsive action.

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A direct and conceptual replication of post-loss speeding when gambling

Cited by 31 publications

References 56 publications

Dopamine and reward-related vigor in younger and older human participants

Dopamine and reward-related vigor in younger and older human participants

Safer by design: Building a collaborative, integrated and evidence-based framework to inform the regulation and mitigation of gambling product risk

A direct and conceptual replication of post-loss speeding when gambling

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