Clarifying and empirically assessing the concept of human capital resource emergence

The pandemic that shocked managers across the world: The impact of the COVID-19 crisis on leadership behavior

“…In these estimations, the main aim is always to compare before and after March 1 st 2020. In Appendix D, we also show the correlation table at different levels (see also Eckardt, Crocker, & Tsai, 2020 ), including significance of the correlations.…”

Putting the system back into training and firm performance research: A review and research agenda

“…Examples of motivational and affect outcomes including organisational commitment (Kooij et al., 2013), job satisfaction (Garcia, 2005), employee involvement and engagement (Odle‐Dusseau, Hammer, Crain, & Bodner, 2016), employee loyalty and motivation (Hassan, Nawaz, Abbas, & Sajid, 2013; Wright, McCormack, Sherman, & McMahan, 1999). Examples of negative HR performance outcomes and withdrawal behaviour, including absenteeism (Kampkotter & Marggraf, 2015), turnover (Shaw, Delery, & Gupta, 1998), intention to leave (c) and poaching of trained employees (Beynon, Jones, Pickernell, & Packham, 2015). Examples of positive work behaviours include organisational citizenship behaviours (Gavino, Wayne, & Erdogan, 2012), work role behaviours (Fletcher, 2016), customer‐behaviours (Peccei & Rosenthal, 2001) and in‐role and extra‐role behaviours (Tremblay et al., 2010).…”

“…Scholars have conceptualised emergence as both a positive and negative feature of systems in respect of its impact on outcomes. The concept of emergence is now given particular prominence in human capital resource theory (Eckardt, Crocker, & Tsai, 2020; Nyberg, Moliterno, Hale, & Lepak, 2014) and it postulates that individual KSAs developed through training are transformed and amplified over time to the collective level through the influence of context factors. These context factors that emerged in this review include organisational climate, culture and leadership processes, organisational learning and knowledge sharing and reteam cohesion, trust and collaboration.…”

Multilevel Methods and Statistics: The Next Frontier

“…Approaches such as multilevel contextual effects or WABA are good examples of such tests as they explicitly note whether a relationship between variables has moved to a higher level of analysis (Bliese et al, 2018; Dansereau et al, 1984; Yammarino & Gooty, 2019). However, these approaches are designed to assess whether emergence has occurred within a particular sample, and there is a need to augment these approaches, or develop new approaches, that allow for point estimates of emergence occurring for particular units in the sample (Eckardt, Crocker, & Tsai, in press). Such unit-specific measurement approaches are essential to the understanding of antecedents and consequences of these emergent phenomena.…”