Cirrhosis of the Liver With Massive Hydrothorax

McKay, Dana

doi:10.1001/archinte.1947.00220110041002

Cited by 29 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Others reported that pleural effusion was present in 10% of chest X-rays in cirrhotic patients (11). In an autopsy study of 600 cases of cirrhosis, hydrothorax was found in six patients with an incidence of 1% (12). A reasonable estimate, therefore, would appear to be 4-6% in all patients with cirrhosis of the liver and up to 10% in patients with decom-pensated cirrhosis.…”

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confidence: 94%

Hepatic hydrothorax – pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment – review of the literature

Gur

Ilan

Shibolet

2004

Liver International

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Hepatic hydrothorax is defined as the accumulation of significant pleural effusion in a cirrhotic patient without primary pulmonary or cardiac disease. Hydrothorax is uncommon occurring in up to 4-6% of all patients with cirrhosis and up to 10% in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Although ascites is usually present, hydrothorax can occur in the absence of ascites. Patients with hepatic hydrothorax usually have advanced liver disease with portal hypertension and most of them will require liver transplantation. Over the last few years, new insights into the pathogenesis of this entity have lead to improved treatment modalities such as portosystemic shunts (TIPS) and video-assisted thoracoscopy for closure of diaphragmatic defects. These modalities may be of help as a bridge to transplantation. The aim of this review is to describe recent developments in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of hepatic hydrothorax.

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confidence: 94%

Hepatic hydrothorax – pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment – review of the literature

Gur

Ilan

Shibolet

2004

Liver International

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“…Empyema, congestive heart failure, hemothorax and tuberculosis are the most frequent non-malignant causes (9). The incidence of pleural effusion in patients with cirrhosis ranges from 0.40/0 (1) to 12.2%) (3), but most studies have shown a frequency of 5-7'5) (4)(5)(6). Almost all reported cases of hepatic hydrothorax have been described in patients with ascites (10).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The incidence of hydrothorax due to liver cirrhosis was shown to be 2% (2), but was reported to be 0 . k 12.2% in decompensated cirrhosis (1,(3)(4)(5)(6). Hepatic hydrothorax in the absence of ascites (HHAA) is a rare complication in decompensated liver cirrhosis (7, 8) and its pathogenesis is still unknown.…”

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confidence: 99%

Hepatic hydrothorax in the absence of ascites

Kakizaki

Katakai

Yoshinaga

et al. 1998

Liver

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Pleural effusion due to hepatic cirrhosis and ascites is well known, but hepatic hydrothorax in the absence of ascites is a rare complication. We report a case of liver cirrhosis due to hepatitis C virus with a large and recurring pleural effusion that had an apparent abdominal source in the absence of ascites. We review the characteristics and treatment for hepatic hydrothorax in the absence of ascites.Hepatic hydrothorax is defined as the presence of significant pleural effusion in a cirrhotic patient without primary pulmonary or cardiac disease (1). Pleural effusions, as a whole, are rarely associated with liver cirrhosis with or without ascites. The incidence of hydrothorax due to liver cirrhosis was shown to be 2% (2), but was reported to be 0 . k 12.2% in decompensated cirrhosis (1,3-6). Hepatic hydrothorax in the absence of ascites (HHAA) is a rare complication in decompensated liver cirrhosis (7, 8) and its pathogenesis is still unknown. We report a case of HHAA and provide a review of all previously published reports. Case reportA 41-year-old man was admitted to our hospital, with dyspnea and cough. He had a past history of a traffic accident, which necessitated a blood transfusion at the age of 16. He was known to be positive for anti-hepatitis C virus antibody. Breath sounds were decreased and dullness on percussion over the lower three-fourths of the right hemithorax was noted. The liver edge was not palpable below the right costal margin. He showed no sign of ascites on physical examination.

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“…eine hepatogene Ursache gedacht werden«. Eine Äußerung Beckmanns (1), daß bei Pleuritiden die Takata-Ara-Reaktion positiv ausfallen kann, läßt die Vermutung zu, daß es sich dabei, wenigstens in einem Teil der Fälle, um einen hepatischen Hydrothorax bei unerkannter Leberzirrhose handelt, ähnlich wie McKay und Mitarbeiter (11) von einem ihrer Fälle berichten, bei dem ein Pleuraerguß auftrat, zehn Wochen bevor der Leberschaden erkannt wurde.…”

Section: Diskussionunclassified

Akuter Aszitothorax bei Leberzirrhose

Lindner¹,

Grünhagen²,

Stec³

1971

Dtsch med Wochenschr

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Die Häufigkeit begleitender Pleuraergüsse bei Leberzirrhose wird unterschiedlich mit 0,4% bis 35% (7), zumeist mit 3%-9% angegeben. Uberwiegend ist der Pieuraerguß rechts, seltener links oder aber auch beiderseits. In Ausnahmefällen (5) wurden auch Pleuraergüsse beobachtet, ohne daß eine Bauchwassersucht klinisch nachge-wiesen werden konnte. Meistens bestand aber ein deutlicher Aszites, wenn sich zur Leberzirrhose ein Pleuraerguß hinzugesellte (11), der als »hepatischer Hydrothorax« (12) bezeichnet wurde. Dabei kann es sich um kleinere Flüssigkeitsmengen im Thoraxraum handeln, nicht selten sind aber auch massive Ergüsse beschrieben wor-

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Cirrhosis of the Liver With Massive Hydrothorax

Cited by 29 publications

References 3 publications

Hepatic hydrothorax – pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment – review of the literature

Hepatic hydrothorax – pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment – review of the literature

Hepatic hydrothorax in the absence of ascites

Akuter Aszitothorax bei Leberzirrhose

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