Circulating trophoblast in maternal blood

Abstract

This review describes the status of circulating trophoblast, but is considered in the perspective that only a specific subset of trophoblast cells circulates in the maternal blood. The consequences for isolation, identification and clinical potential are described.

Expression Profile of C19MC microRNAs in Placental Tissue in Pregnancy-Related Complications

“…In this study, we focused on the examination of microRNA levels in a specific area, that is, in the central cotyledon zone, where the umbilical cord is inserted into the chorionic plate. However, the placenta is being continuously remodeled during normal placental development, and extracellular nucleic acids of both fetal and placental origin, packed into either trophoblast-derived apoptotic bodies or shedding syncytiotrophoblast micro-particles, may be detected in maternal circulation during the course of normal gestation (Nelson, 1996;Oudejans et al, 2003;Huppertz and Kingdom, 2004;Orozco et al, 2006;Hromadnikova, 2012). It is obvious that the levels of circulating nucleic acids, mainly the levels of circulating placental-specific C19MC microRNAs, present in maternal circulation during gestation reflect the overall status of the placenta.…”

Extracellular Nucleic Acids in Maternal Circulation as Potential Biomarkers for Placental Insufficiency

“…Both aging syncytiotrophoblasts and extravillous cytotrophoblasts undergo apoptosis (Oudejans et al, 2003;Huppertz and Kingdom, 2004;Orozco et al, 2006). Therefore, extracellular nucleic acids (DNA, messenger RNA [mRNA], and microRNAs [miRNA]) of both fetal and placental origin, packed into trophoblast-derived apoptotic bodies, may be detected in the maternal circulation during the normal course of gestation (Lo et al, 1997).…”

Trophoblasts Isolated from the Maternal Circulation: In Vitro Expansion and Potential Application in Non-invasive Prenatal Diagnosis

“…Several groups of target cells have been studied, mainly nucleated red blood cells, progenitor blood cells, and trophoblast cells (Little et al 1997;Oudejans et al 2003;Guetta et al 2004). Each of these cell types offers advantages.…”