Cigarette smoking in adult patients diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Pomerleau, Ovide F.; Downey, Karen K.; Stelson, Fred W.; Pomerleau, Cynthia S.

doi:10.1016/0899-3289(95)90030-6

Cited by 324 publications

(236 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…One possible interpretation of these findings is that chronic smoking enhances the relationship between sensory gating and attention. This notion is consistent with reports that smoking and nicotine improve attention and cognitive function in ADHD (Pomerleau et al, 1995;Coger et al, 1996;Conners et al, 1996). Chronic smoking can also enhance sensory gating, although acute effects have been less consistent (Crawford et al, 2002;Croft et al, 2004).…”

Section: Modification By Smoking Status and Schizotypysupporting

confidence: 90%

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P50 sensory gating and attentional performance

Wan

Friedman

Boutros

et al. 2008

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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Sensory gating refers to the preattentional filtering of irrelevant sensory stimuli. This process may be impaired in schizotypy, which is a trait also associated with cigarette smoking. This association may in part stem from the positive effects of smoking on sensory gating and attention. The relationship among sensory gating, smoking, schizotypy and attention was examined in 39 undergraduates. Sensory gating was indexed by the P50 suppression paradigm, and attention was measured by the Attention Network Test (ANT) and a Stroop task. Results showed sensory gating to be positively correlated with performances on ANT and Stroop reflected in better alerting, less conflict between stimuli, faster reaction time, and greater accuracy. Smokers showed a pattern of a greater number of significant correlations between sensory gating and attention in comparison to non-smokers, although the relationship between sensory gating and attention was not affected by schizotypy. The majority of significant correlations were found in the region surrounding Cz. These findings are discussed relative to the potential modifying influence of smoking and schizotypy on sensory gating and attention.

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Section: Modification By Smoking Status and Schizotypysupporting

confidence: 90%

“…This model has also been applied to the relationship between smoking and executive function deficits (Dinn et al, 2004). Smoking may also improve cognitive function and attentional performance in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (Coger et al, 1996;Conners et al, 1996;Pomerleau et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

P50 sensory gating and attentional performance

Wan

Friedman

Boutros

et al. 2008

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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“…Untersuchungen über den Zusammenhang zwischen der ADHS und dem Tabakkonsum konnten nachweisen, dass der Raucheranteil bei ADHS-Patienten höher ist als der Raucheranteil in der Allgemeinbevölkerung [7,16]. Zudem wiesen täglich rauchende ADHS-Patienten höhere Tabakkonsumwerte und eine stärkere Nikotinabhängigkeit auf als Personen ohne ADHS und hatten in einem jüngeren Alter begonnen, regelmässig zu rauchen [12][13][14][15] …”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Tabakkonsum bei Erwachsenen mit ADHS

2010

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Zusammenfassung HintergrundUntersuchungen aus den USA wiesen Zusammenhänge zwischen der Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) und dem Rauchen nach. Bis anhin wurden in der Schweiz keine vergleichbaren Studien durchgeführt. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, neue Erkenntnisse über die Beziehung der ADHS und dem Tabakkonsum bei erwachsenen ADHS-Patienten aus der Schweiz zu gewinnen. Material und MethodenEine schriftliche Befragung zum Tabakkonsum and smoking behaviour; however, no specific work on this topic has been done in Switzerland. The aim of the study was to gain knowledge about the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and tobacco consumption in a Swiss sample of adult ADHD patients. MethodsStudy subjects were recruited from patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of ADHD consecutively presenting to the ADHD consultation service at the Centre of Addiction Disorders, an out-patient facility of the Zurich University Hospital, between September 2000 and January 2006. Complete data could be obtained from 100 out of 134 patients presenting to the service. ResultsThe number of current smokers in the ADHD sample was significantly elevated compared to the Swiss general population (55% vs. 31%). Additionally, daily smokers in the ADHD sample smoked significantly more cigarettes per day, reported higher levels of nicotine dependence and started to smoke regularly at a significantly younger age. The motivation to quit smoking was high. 5 ConclusionsThe results of this Swiss study are consistent with previous research in the United States. The fact that many adults with ADHD are motivated to quit smoking and that they actually make use of support in quitting is crucial for secondary tobacco prevention. ADHS-Symptomatik und TabakkonsumAufgrund der geringen Anzahl von ADHS-Patienten mit einem hyperaktiv-impulsiven Subtypus (n = 7) waren die Voraussetzungen für den χ

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“…42 Although the current meta-analysis lacked adequate power to evaluate stimulant exposure and cigarette smoking, notable trends emerged in studies that examined this issue. One study in adults by Lambert et al 15 found a linear increase in smoking related to stimulant exposure in individuals with ADHD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Stimulant Therapy of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Beget Later Substance Abuse? A Meta-analytic Review of the Literature

et al. 2003

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Objective.Concerns exist that stimulant therapy of youths with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may result in an increased risk for subsequent substance use disorders (SUD). We investigated all long-term studies in which pharmacologically treated and untreated youths with ADHD were examined for later SUD outcomes. Methods.A search of all available prospective and retrospective studies of children, adolescents, and adults with ADHD that had information relating childhood exposure to stimulant therapy and later SUD outcome in adolescence or adulthood was conducted through PubMed supplemented with data from scientific presentations. Meta-analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between stimulant therapy and subsequent SUD in youths with ADHD in general while addressing specifically differential effects on alcohol use disorders or drug use disorders and the potential effects of covariates. Results.Six studies—2 with follow-up in adolescence and 4 in young adulthood—were included and comprised 674 medicated subjects and 360 unmedicated subjects who were followed at least 4 years. The pooled estimate of the odds ratio indicated a 1.9-fold reduction in risk for SUD in youths who were treated with stimulants compared with youths who did not receive pharmacotherapy for ADHD (z = 2.1; 95% confidence interval for odds ratio [OR]: 1.1–3.6). We found similar reductions in risk for later drug and alcohol use disorders (z = 1.1). Studies that reported follow-up into adolescence showed a greater protective effect on the development of SUD (OR: 5.8) than studies that followed subjects into adulthood (OR: 1.4). Additional analyses showed that the results could not be accounted for by any single study or by publication bias. Conclusion.Our results suggest that stimulant therapy in childhood is associated with a reduction in the risk for subsequent drug and alcohol use disorders.

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Cigarette smoking in adult patients diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Cited by 324 publications

References 12 publications

P50 sensory gating and attentional performance

P50 sensory gating and attentional performance

Tabakkonsum bei Erwachsenen mit ADHS

Does Stimulant Therapy of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Beget Later Substance Abuse? A Meta-analytic Review of the Literature

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