Tabakkonsum bei Erwachsenen mit ADHS

Frei, Anja; Hornung, Rainer; Eich, Dominique

doi:10.1007/s00115-009-2922-y

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Our findings were based upon complete data from 100 adult ADHD patients. In this study, which is only published in German, we reported a significantly elevated rate of current smokers in our sample (55%), as compared to 31% in the general Swiss population [13]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…We recruited 12 participants from a larger epidemiological study of 134 adult patients with ADHD who had presented to the ADHD consultation service at the Centre for Addiction Disorders, an outpatient facility of the Zurich University Hospital, Switzerland [13,48]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In adults with persistent ADHD, the prevalence of a comorbid SUD has been estimated at 47% or even higher in some series [8-10]. Furthermore, patients with ADHD show significantly higher rates of cigarette smoking than do members of the general population (35 - 55%) [11-13], as compared to 19% - 40% [14-16]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and nicotine use: a qualitative study of patient perceptions

et al. 2014

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BackgroundAdult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is associated with high rates of comorbid substance use disorders, and cigarette smoking has a particularly high prevalence in this population. However, there is an ongoing debate as to whether this tobacco use is an attempt at “self-medication” or due to behavioral disinhibition. There is a surprising lack of qualitative studies that investigate the subjective perceptions of adults with ADHD regarding cigarette smoking. The present study was designed to fill this gap in the literature.MethodsWe recruited twelve adult patients with ADHD and comorbid tobacco use from our ADHD consultation service, an outpatient facility of the Zurich University Psychiatric Hospital. Subjects were interviewed using qualitative methodology, and Mayring's qualitative content analysis was used to evaluate findings.ResultsWe identified two explanatory models linking ADHD and tobacco use: smoking as an attempt at self-medication and “smoking as a social behavior”. On one hand, subjects considered tobacco a therapeutic aid, reporting positive effects on “inner tension” and cognitive function, and noted possible antidepressant properties as well. On the other hand, subjects considered smoking to enhance social functioning and to have a positive impact on interpersonal relationships. The majority believed that stimulant medications offered only a transient decrease in patterns of tobacco use because their ability to reduce nicotine cravings wore off quickly. Others believed that stimulants had no effect or even reinforced cigarette use.ConclusionsParticipants had different views about the link between cigarette smoking and ADHD. While the majority thought of nicotine as a sort of therapy, viewing smoking as a way to self-medicate symptoms of ADHD, motivations for nicotine use were also related to self-image, desire to belong to a peer-group, and a drive to undermine perceived social norms. Ultimately, these findings can be used by clinicians to improve treatment alliance and collaboration.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and nicotine use: a qualitative study of patient perceptions

et al. 2014

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“…Out of all consecutive referrals to the ADHD consultation service of the Zurich University Psychiatric Hospital 26 between 2002 and 2011, we included adults with a confirmed diagnosis of ADHD and with available information on substance use (N=413). There were no other inclusion or exclusion criteria.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Associations between subtype and lifetime substance use – a clinical study

et al. 2016

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ADHD is the one of the most prevalent childhood disorders and has been associated with impairments persisting into adulthood. Specifically, childhood ADHD is an independent clinical risk factor for the development of later substance use disorders (SUD). Moreover, adults who meet diagnostic criteria for ADHD have shown high rates of comorbid SUDs. Few studies, however, have reported on the relationship between ADHD subtypes and SUD in adult samples. The purpose of this study was to characterize a clinical sample of adults with ADHD and to identify possible associations between ADHD subtypes, lifetime substance use, and if ADHD subtypes may be preferentially associated with specific substances of abuse. We recruited 413 adult ADHD patients, performed an evaluation of their ADHD and conducted an interview on their use of psychotropic substances. Complete data was obtained for 349 patients. Lifetime substance abuse or dependence was 26% and occasional use was 57% in this sample. The inattentive subtype was significantly less likely to abuse or be dependent on cocaine than the combined subtype. Our findings underscore the high rate of comorbidity between substance use and ADHD in adults. The more frequent abuse/dependence of cocaine by adult patients with hyperactive-impulsive symptoms should be kept in mind when treating this patient group.

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“…In some studies, drug abuse was significantly more prevalent over those suffering from ADHD than the control group [6]. Adults suffering from ADHD start nicotine consumption at lower ages, indicate higher levels of nicotine addiction And have more problems in continuing their smoking quit term [7]. In recent years, methamphetamine (glass) abuse has been increasing in Iran, especially over the young population, with the abuse of this stimulus substance bringing about lots of personal and socio-economic consequences [8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) over Methamphetamine (Glass) Abusing Adults

Bidaki¹

2017

Foc Sci

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Introduction:The relationship between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and drug abuse has been indicated in earlier studies. This study was aimed to compare the prevalence of ADHD between Methamphetamine (Glass) abusing and dependent adults, referring to addiction treatment centers in Tehran, with a Control group. Methods: In this cohort study, the case group included the over-18-year individuals with only glass abuse background and an at least 1-month interval from their last abuse, referring to the specialist addiction treatment clinic of Iran Psychiatry Hospital and two outpatient addiction treatment centers on West and East Tehran, September 2014 to August 2015. The control Group included some 18-year and above staff at that hospital. The cases were given a combination of three questionnaires and provided with the necessary explanations to answer them. The obtained information was analyzed statistically using SPSS (chi square Test and the t-test). Results: Both the case and the control groups included 60 individuals with a mean of 30.8 years (SD = 8.92) and 32.29 years (SD = 6.85) respectively. The females in the case and control were 10 16.7%) and 37 (62.5%), respectively. The mean scores for the Wender Utah Rating Scale were also 20.21 ± 62.16 and 10.31 ± 14.37. Based on the test analysis, there were some evidence for childhood ADHD for 71.7% of the case group and only 1.6% of the control group. The results of the CAARS questionnaire represent a possible diagnosis of adulthood ADHD for 63.3% of the case group and 1.6% of the control Group. Conclusions: ADHD is much more prevalent over Methamphetamine abusers than the normal population. This dramatic difference indicates the necessity of ADHD examinations to plan an appropriate treatment plan and implementing a more effective treatment for them.

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Tabakkonsum bei Erwachsenen mit ADHS

Cited by 12 publications

References 23 publications

Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and nicotine use: a qualitative study of patient perceptions

Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and nicotine use: a qualitative study of patient perceptions

Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Associations between subtype and lifetime substance use – a clinical study

Prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) over Methamphetamine (Glass) Abusing Adults

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