Cigarette Smoking, Bacterial Pneumonia, and Other Clinical Outcomes in HIV-1 Infection

Burns, David; Hillman, David W.; Neaton, Jim; Sherer, Renslow; Mitchell, Thomas F.; Capps, Linnea; Vallier, William G.; Thurnherr, Michael D.; Gordin, Fred M.

doi:10.1097/00042560-199612010-00012

Cited by 104 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Although causal interpretation is not warranted, perhaps smoking-related symptoms, such as dizziness, cough, and shortness of breath, are heightened due to immune system vulnerability among HIV patients. Previous research suggests that smoking places patients at increased risk for cognitive (Burns et al, 1996) and lung-related (Miguez-Burbano et al, 2005) problems. By increasing patients' vulnerability to health problems, smoking may further weaken their resistance to infection (Patel et al, 2006), and contribute to an accelerated progression to AIDS (Nieman et al, 1993).…”

Section: Nih-pa Author Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarette Smoking among HIV+ Men and Women: Examining Health, Substance Use, and Psychosocial Correlates across the Smoking Spectrum

et al. 2007

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The prevalence of cigarette smoking among HIV+ individuals is greater than that found in the general population. However, factors related to smoking within this population are not well understood. This study examined the associations between smoking and demographic, medical, substance use, and psychosocial factors in a clinic-based sample of HIV+ men and women. Two hundred twelve participants completed self-report measures of tobacco use, HIV-related symptoms, viral load, CD4, alcohol and illicit drug use, depression, and social support. Multinomial logistic regression analyses modeled the independent associations of the cross-sectional set of predictors with smoking status. Results indicated that 74% of the sample smoked at least one cigarette per day; using standard definitions, 23% of the sample were light smokers, 22% were moderate smokers, and 29% smoked heavily. Smoking was associated with more HIV-related symptoms, greater alcohol and marijuana use, and less social support. Light smoking was related to minority race/ethnicity and less income; moderate smoking was associated with less education; and heavy smoking was related to less education and younger age. Viral load, CD4 count, and depression were not associated with smoking status. Psychosocial interventions targeting this population should consider the relationships between biopsychosocial factors and smoking behavior. High Smoking Prevalence among HIV+ Men and Women: Examining Health, Substance Use, and Psychosocial Correlates across the Smoking SpectrumSmoking is highly prevalent among persons living with HIV and may contribute to premature morbidity and mortality. Among HIV+ individuals, prevalence rates of smoking range from 50% to 70% (Burkhalter et al., 2005;Miguez-Burbano et al., 2005;Niaura et al., 2000) compared to 21% for the general population (CDC, 2005). Smoking is strongly associated with two of the primary causes of illness and death in HIV+ patients: community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (formerly known as Pneumocystis ciroveci; Arcavi & Benowitz, 2004;Miguez-Burbano et al., 2005). HIV+ smokers are also at increased risk for oral lesions (Palacio et al., 1997) Beck & Slade, 1996), and AIDS-related spontaneous pneumothorax (Metersky et al., 1995).Young smokers infected with HIV may be particularly vulnerable to malignant tumors, such as lung cancer (Patel et al., 2006;Spano et al., 2004). Moreover, smoking by HIV+ patients may facilitate the progression to Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) (Neiman et al., 1993).Evidence also suggests that smoking has adverse effects on the health-related quality of life (HRQL) of HIV+ men and women. Vidrine et al. (2006) tested a framework for HRQL of life among HIV+ individuals. They found that HRQL is influenced by relationships among physical symptoms, and cognitive, psychological, and social functioning (Brenner et al., 1995;Wilson & Cleary, 1995). They also found that smoking, alcohol use, and SES impair overall HRQL. Other work has also found rel...

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Section: Nih-pa Author Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarette Smoking among HIV+ Men and Women: Examining Health, Substance Use, and Psychosocial Correlates across the Smoking Spectrum

et al. 2007

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“…Smoking among people with HIV may confer increased risks of medical consequences including development of bacterial pneumonia, cardiovascular disease, emphysema, lung cancer, periodontal disease, oral candidiases, oral hairy leukoplakia, oral lesions, Karposi's sarcoma, and AIDS dementia complex compared to HIV positive non-smokers (Burns et al 1996;Diaz et al 2000;Niaura et al 2000;Palacio et al 1997;Nieman et al 1993;Phelps et al 2001). Smoking is related to increased rates of depression and neurological disease among this HIV positive people, and smoking during pregnancy triples the risk of HIV transmission to the fetus (Niaura et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Test of Motivational Plus Nicotine Replacement Interventions for HIV Positive Smokers

2007

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The purpose of this study was to test two combination motivational plus pharmacological interventions for smoking cessation among HIV positive smokers. Participants were 40 adults receiving HIV care who smoked daily reporting interest in smoking reduction. Measures were administered at baseline, 1-month, and 3-month follow-ups. Participants were randomly assigned to self-guided reading plus nicotine patch (n = 18) or motivational interviewing plus nicotine patch (n = 22). Groups did not differ at 3 months on biochemically-verified abstinence. The sample reduced cigarettes per day by half a pack and the percent of smoking days by 41%, and 22% were abstinent at 3-month follow-up. Compliance with the nicotine patch was poor and declined over time, but patch use was unrelated to carbon monoxide level at 3-month follow-up. Smoking cessation interventions for people with HIV can be helpful and should include components that encourage some smoke-free days, increase self-efficacy, and attend to adherence to nicotine replacement treatment.

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“…1 Among individuals living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), studies have found that smokers are at greater risk than nonsmokers to develop bacterial pneumonia, oral lesions and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) dementia complex. [2][3][4] The progression of smoking-induced emphysema is hastened in individuals with HIV infection as well. 5 Increased rates of lung cancer among individuals living with HIV/AIDS appear to be attributed to smoking rather than immunosuppression.…”

Section: Introduction Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarette Smoking and the Desire to Quit Among Individuals Living with HIV

Mamary

Bahrs

Martinez

2002

AIDS Patient Care and STDs

138

135

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Among individuals living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), studies have found that smokers are at greater risk than nonsmokers to develop bacterial pneumonia, oral lesions and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) dementia complex. Information is lacking re garding the prevalence of cigarette smoking among people living with HIV or about their in tentions to quit smoking. A survey was conducted with a sample of patients attending an HIV outpatient clinic at San Francisco General Hospital to assess the prevalence of cigarette smok ing and the level of interest in quitting. In total, 228 assessments were completed. Study re sults revealed a high percentage of smokers among our sample of individuals living with HIV compared to the percentage of smokers found in the general adult population. A total of 123 individuals (54%) reported that they smoked cigarettes. Men were more than twice as likely to have made previous attempts at smoking cessation than were woman. The majority of cig arette smokers (63%) reported that they were currently thinking about quitting. Respondents' preferences for types of smoking cessation methods are discussed, and recommendations are proposed for identifying and treating tobacco dependence in this population.

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Cigarette Smoking, Bacterial Pneumonia, and Other Clinical Outcomes in HIV-1 Infection

Cited by 104 publications

References 45 publications

Cigarette Smoking among HIV+ Men and Women: Examining Health, Substance Use, and Psychosocial Correlates across the Smoking Spectrum

Cigarette Smoking among HIV+ Men and Women: Examining Health, Substance Use, and Psychosocial Correlates across the Smoking Spectrum

A Test of Motivational Plus Nicotine Replacement Interventions for HIV Positive Smokers

Cigarette Smoking and the Desire to Quit Among Individuals Living with HIV

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