Cigarette smoking and the microbial flora of the mouth*

Colman, G.; Beighton, David; Chalk, A. J.; Wake, Susan

doi:10.1111/j.1834-7819.1976.tb02833.x

Cited by 55 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Loss of beneficial oral species due to smoking can lead to pathogen colonization and ultimately to disease; this contention is strongly supported by the well-established role of smoking in the onset and progression of periodontitis (Nociti et al, 2015). Previous studies have shown alterations in the abundance of selected oral bacteria in smokers compared with non-smokers (Colman et al, 1976;Ertel et al, 1991;Charlson et al, 2010;Kumar et al, 2011;Hugoson et al, 2012;Morris et al, 2013;Belstrom et al, 2014;Mason et al, 2015); however, results across these studies are largely inconsistent, possibly due to small sample sizes in some, use of different sampling sites in the mouth and use of different laboratory methodologies, some of which impose limitations on bacterial profiling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Early in vitro studies using culture-based methods noted that cigarette smoke has a strong inhibitory effect on the growth of Neisseria species (Bardell, 1981;Ertel et al, 1991), while Streptococcus species were less inhibited by cigarette smoke (Bardell, 1981). Additionally, early studies in humans identified decreased Neisseria species on mucosal surfaces of smokers (Colman et al, 1976), and an increased proportion of Gram-positive to Gram-negative bacteria on developing plaques of smokers (Bastiaan and Waite, 1978). Recently, studies with comprehensive oral bacterial profiling in humans have found increased Streptococcus sobrinus and Eubacterium brachy in the saliva of smokers (Belstrom et al, 2014), decreased Neisseria, Porphyromonas and Gemella in oral wash samples from smokers (Morris et al, 2013), enrichment of Megasphaera, Streptococcus and Veillonella, and depletion of Meta-analysis P-values from Kruskal-Wallis tests within each of the four data sets, calculated using Z-score methods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Cigarette smoking and the oral microbiome in a large study of American adults

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Oral microbiome dysbiosis is associated with oral disease and potentially with systemic diseases; however, the determinants of these microbial imbalances are largely unknown. In a study of 1204 US adults, we assessed the relationship of cigarette smoking with the oral microbiome. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed on DNA from oral wash samples, sequences were clustered into operational taxonomic units (OTUs) using QIIME and metagenomic content was inferred using PICRUSt. Overall oral microbiome composition differed between current and non-current (former and never) smokers (Po0.001). Current smokers had lower relative abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria (4.6%) compared with never smokers (11.7%) (false discovery rate q = 5.2 × 10 −7 ), with no difference between former and never smokers; the depletion of Proteobacteria in current smokers was also observed at class, genus and OTU levels. Taxa not belonging to Proteobacteria were also associated with smoking: the genera Capnocytophaga, Peptostreptococcus and Leptotrichia were depleted, while Atopobium and Streptococcus were enriched, in current compared with never smokers. Functional analysis from inferred metagenomes showed that bacterial genera depleted by smoking were related to carbohydrate and energy metabolism, and to xenobiotic metabolism. Our findings demonstrate that smoking alters the oral microbiome, potentially leading to shifts in functional pathways with implications for smoking-related diseases.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarette smoking and the oral microbiome in a large study of American adults

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Several researchers claim to have found no correlation between smoking habit and oral candidosis (Gergely and Uri, 1966;Coleman et al, 1976;Bastiaan and Reade, 1982;Oliver and Shillitoe, 1984). Indeed, Beasley (1969) has reported three iso-lated cases where the onset of oral thrush coincided with the cessation of the smoking habits of the patients.…”

Section: (22) Tobacco Smoking and Chewing Habits: Epidemiological Evmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Hyperplastic Candidosis/Candidiasis (Candidal Leukoplakia)

Sitheeque

Samaranayake

2003

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

210

173

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chronic hyperplastic candidosis/candidiasis (CHC; syn. candidal leukoplakia) is a variant of oral candidosis that typically presents as a white patch on the commissures of the oral mucosa. The major etiologic agent of the disease is the oral fungal pathogen Candida predominantly belonging to Candida albicans, although other systemic co-factors, such as vitamin deficiency and generalized immune suppression, may play a contributory role. Clinically, the lesions are symptomless and regress after appropriate antifungal therapy and correction of underlying nutritional or other deficiencies. If the lesions are untreated, a minor proportion may demonstrate dysplasia and develop into carcinomas. This review outlines the demographic features, etiopathogenesis, immunological features, histopathology, and the role of Candida in the disease process. In the final part of the review, newer molecular biological aspects of the disease are considered together with the management protocols that are currently available, and directions for future research.

show abstract

“…With the exception of the direct contribution of acetaldehyde by tobacco smoke, the alteration of oral microorganisms by smoking is also a major source of the increased concentration of salivary acetaldehyde (99). As previously reported, increased yeast infections and conversions from Gram-negative to Gram-positive bacteria has been demonstrated in smokers (99,101,102). However, oral bacteria may activate the nitrosamines from tobacco smoking to carcinogenic adducts by forming hydroxylated products (103)(104)(105).…”

Section: Interactions Between Alcohol Consumption and The Correspondimentioning

confidence: 79%

Alcohol consumption and corresponding factors: A novel perspective on the risk factors of esophageal cancer

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Esophageal cancer is the eighth most common type of cancer in the world, and the sixth most common cause of mortality from cancer. Alcohol consumption is the major risk factor for esophageal cancer, due to the worldwide prevalence and high carcinogenicity of the ethanol metabolite. In epidemiological studies, the efficiency of alcohol intake to enhance the risk of esophageal cancer is altered by daily ethanol consumption, type of alcoholic beverages ingested, time since quitting drinking, age of drinking initiation, differences in population and subtypes of esophageal cancer. Corresponding factors, including gene polymorphisms, tobacco smoking, oral microorganisms and folate deficiency, reveal a synergistic effect in concurrent alcohol users that may lead to an increased risk of developing esophageal cancer. Consequently, esophageal cancer prevention involves multiple aspects, including quitting drinking and smoking, maintaining an adequate oral health and ingesting adequate quantities of folate, particularly in genetically high-risk populations.

show abstract

Cigarette smoking and the microbial flora of the mouth*

Abstract: A range of selective media was used to culture the microbial flora of the dental plaque, tongue and palate, The subjects were five young men who smoked more than twenty cigarettes a day and four who did not smoke. Neisseriae were less numerous on the mucosal surfaces of the smokers.

Cited by 55 publications

References 0 publications

Cigarette smoking and the oral microbiome in a large study of American adults

Cigarette smoking and the oral microbiome in a large study of American adults

Chronic Hyperplastic Candidosis/Candidiasis (Candidal Leukoplakia)

Alcohol consumption and corresponding factors: A novel perspective on the risk factors of esophageal cancer

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About