Chronic pesticide exposure and consequential keratectasia &amp; corneal neovascularisation

Sanyal, Shalini; Law, Atrayo; Law, S.K. Alex

doi:10.1016/j.exer.2017.08.002

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Exposure of the ocular surface to pesticides may lead to damaged cornea, referred to as corneal ectasia [21]. Furthermore, exposure to organophosphate and organochloride can damage intraocular structures, leading to cataract, crystalline lens and retinal or optic nerve damage [21,29]. Toxic effect of pesticides to the optic nerve has been demonstrated in Saku disease, secondary to exposure to the organophosphate malathion characterized by optic neuropathy, narrowing of the visual fields, abnormal pupillary responses and other effects not related to the optic nerve, such as high myopia progression and retinal degeneration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute glufosinate-based herbicide treatment in rats leads to increased ocular interleukin-1β and c-Fos protein levels, as well as intraocular pressure

et al. 2019

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute glufosinate-based herbicide treatment in rats leads to increased ocular interleukin-1β and c-Fos protein levels, as well as intraocular pressure

et al. 2019

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“…Eye symptoms were commonly reported among Benguet farmers, including blurring of vision, eye pain, and tearing. Similarly, eye irritation, particularly toxicity to the cornea, has been documented to be caused by pesticides, 22 resulting in ocular irritation and damage to normal vision. Additionally, chronic exposure to pesticides is associated with eye pathologies such as keratectasia and corneal neovascularization, disorders that could eventually lead to diminished vision and blindness if not treated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Pesticide-Related Pollution and Occupational Health of Vegetable Farmers in Benguet Province, Philippines

2017

Journal of Health and Pollution

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Background.Agriculture accounts for 20% of the national income in the Philippines. In order to boost agricultural activity and prevent crop damage, farmers rely on pesticides for vector control and management.Objectives.The present study assessed the pesticide exposure and occupational health of agricultural farmers in the Philippines. The study site is one of the largest vegetable-producing provinces in the Philippines.Methods.This study employed both a survey questionnaire and physical health assessment, including a mental state examination. Pesticide exposure was estimated based on the duration of pesticide use, as well as the amount per spray application. The data results were segregated by gender, as women are also heavily engaged in agriculture in this part of the Philippines.Results.The results showed that pesticide exposure usually occurred during agricultural activities such as spray applications in the field (63.7%), mixing (38.4%), loading (34.1%) and field re-entry (9.7%). The most frequently used pesticides were Tamaron, Selecron, and Dithane. The mean duration of pesticide exposure was 14.23 years for males and 15.4 years for females. The longest used pesticide among males was Sumicidine (16.2 years), and Tamaron for females (18 years). In terms of amount used, the average was 147 ml per spray application for males and 65.5 ml for females. Exposure to pesticides was expressed in number of years and amount used per spray application, and the average exposure of males was 2,024.43 ml/years and 993.55 ml/years for females. Among farmers, 49% complained of being sick due to their work. Of those who became ill, a large percentage (69.8%) did not receive any medical attention. The most prevalent health symptoms were muscle pains (63.3%), muscle weakness (55%), and easy fatigability (52.4%). For the mini-mental state examination, abnormalities were found in 5.4% of males and 13.3% of females. The use of insecticides was associated with weakness, easy fatigability and weight loss.Discussion.The present study demonstrated frequent and significant duration of pesticide use among farmers in Benguet province, Philippines.Conclusions.Pesticide exposure was considerable among the farmers in the present study. The occupational health conditions reported by the study subjects can be linked to their pesticide use. Although this study assessed risk factors associated with general health symptoms, further investigation is needed to determine specific pesticide exposure-health correlations.Participant Consent.ObtainedEthics Approval.The study was approved by the Research Ethics Board of the University of the Philippines, Manila, which is recognized and accredited by the Forum for Ethical Review Committees in Asia and the Western Pacific (FERCAP).

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“…Pathologies such as diabetes, herpes simplex virus infection, dry eye syndrome, and limbal stem cell deficiency can cause a transition to a hypoxic state, where oxygen levels are at or below 8% for various time periods (Boost et al ., ; Kanda et al ., ; Kim et al ., ; Sanyal et al ., ). Under these conditions, vascularization of the cornea may occur.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Role of Hypoxia in Corneal Extracellular Matrix Deposition and Cell Motility

Onochie

Onyejose

Rich

et al. 2019

The Anatomical Record

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The cornea is an excellent model tissue to study how cells adapt to periods of hypoxia as it is naturally exposed to diurnal fluxes in oxygen. It is avascular, transparent, and highly innervated. In certain pathologies, such as diabetes, limbal stem cell deficiency, or trauma, the cornea may be exposed to hypoxia for variable lengths of time. Due to its avascularity, the cornea requires atmospheric oxygen, and a reduction in oxygen availability can impair its physiology and function. We hypothesize that hypoxia alters membrane stiffness and the deposition of matrix proteins, leading to changes in cell migration, focal adhesion formation, and wound repair. Two systems-a 3D corneal organ culture model and polyacrylamide substrates of varying stiffness-were used to examine the response of corneal epithelium to normoxic and hypoxic environments. Exposure to hypoxia alters the deposition of the matrix proteins such as laminin and Type IV collagen. In addition, previous studies had shown a change in fibronectin after injury. Studies performed on matrix-coated acrylamide substrates ranging from 0.2 to 50 kPa revealed stiffness-dependent changes in cell morphology. The localization, number, and length of paxillin pY118-and vinculin pY1065-containing focal adhesions were different in wounded corneas and in human corneal epithelial cells incubated in hypoxic environments. Overall, these results demonstrate that low-oxygenated environments modify the composition of the extracellular matrix, basal lamina stiffness, and focal adhesion dynamics, leading to alterations in the function of the cornea.

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Chronic pesticide exposure and consequential keratectasia & corneal neovascularisation

Cited by 16 publications

References 15 publications

Acute glufosinate-based herbicide treatment in rats leads to increased ocular interleukin-1β and c-Fos protein levels, as well as intraocular pressure

Acute glufosinate-based herbicide treatment in rats leads to increased ocular interleukin-1β and c-Fos protein levels, as well as intraocular pressure

Assessment of Pesticide-Related Pollution and Occupational Health of Vegetable Farmers in Benguet Province, Philippines

The Role of Hypoxia in Corneal Extracellular Matrix Deposition and Cell Motility

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