SUMMARY -Karyotypes of four species of South America natives, Lathyrus pubescens, L. macrostachys, L. neroosus, L. crassipes and one cultivated species L. odoratus, are described. All species have 2n = 14 chromosomes. Differences were seen among species in some aspects: in the metacentric, submetacentric and subtelocentric chromosomes numbers, in the numbers and positions of secondary constrictions, in the size of chromosomes and in the total size of complement.