Chromosomal relationships among cultivars of Citrus reticulata Blanco, its hybrids and related species

Fluorochrome staining with chromomycin A 3 (CMA) was used to characterize and compare the CMA banding patterns of chromosomes in 14 accessions of 12 species of major Citrus species. All accessions had 2n = 18 chromosomes. These chromosomes were classified into seven types based on the number and position of CMApositive bands: A: two telomeric and one proximal band, B: one telomeric and one proximal band, C: two telomeric bands, D: one telomeric band, E: without bands, F: one proximal band, and Dst: type D with a satellite chromosome. Each accession possessed two to six types of chromosomes and unique CMA banding patterns. The CMA banding patterns were 2B + 8D + 8E in C. medica,micrantha, 2B + 1C + 11D + 3E + 1F in C. macroptera, and 3B + 1C + 8D + 3E + 2F + 1Dst in C. hystrix.

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CMA Banding Patterns of Chromosomes in Major Citrus Species

Yamamoto¹,

Abkenar²,

Matsumoto³

et al. 2007

“…The main type of CMA (+) was CMA + /DAPI − heterochromatin. In addition, stretched segments were frequently found and the segments would be represented as the secondary constriction which, as in many other species, was a deeply DAPI-negative (DAPI −− ) region (Carvalho et al, 2005;Cornelio et al, 2003;Miranda et al, 1997a). On the other hand, PI generally conjugates to non-specific AT-and GC-rich DNA regions of chromosomes (Miranda et al, 1997b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Chromosome Identification and Characterization in Trifoliate Orange (Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.) by CMA and PI/DAPI Staining and GISH

バンナラット¹,

宣²,

安津³

et al. 2007

The chromosomes of trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.) were stained with chromomycin A 3 (CMA) and double stained with alkylating fluorochromes 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and propidium iodide (PI). PI-positive (PI (+)) regions in PI/DAPI staining were identical to CMA-positive (CMA (+)) regions. The signals of PI (+) were more stable than those of CMA (+). Based on the relative-sized PI (+) signals and the morphology of no-signal chromosomes, eighteen chromosomes of trifoliate orange were classified into 9 groups. Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) was performed on trifoliate orange chromosomes using the double probe of DNA from trifoliate orange labeled with digoxigenin-rhodamine (red), and from 'Nankan No. 20' satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marcow.) or 'Tosa Buntan' pummelo (C. maxima (Burm.) Merr.) labeled with biotin-FITC (green). Sixteen GISH signals with a higher intensity were detected in the identical positions of PI (+) regions. The coloration of GISH showed 13 yellow signals and 1 green signal by the biotin probes of satsuma mandarin, and 5 yellow signals and 11 red signals by those of 'Tosa Buntan' pummelo. This indicates that trifoliate orange is more closely related to satsuma mandarin than 'Tosa Buntan' pummelo, because red signals indicate that they share no homologous sequences between genomes. GISH signals on the secondary constriction regions of all B-type chromosomes and on the telomeric region of the D 4 -type chromosome were yellow or green in both satsuma mandarin and 'Tosa Buntan' pummelo biotin probes. This result suggests that these regions in trifoliate orange chromosomes can be homologous to satsuma mandarin and 'Tosa Buntan' pummelo genomes, and are thus conserved regions.

“…Chromosome analysis using guanine-cytosine (GC) specific fluorochrome chromomycin A 3 (CMA) has been found to be useful for determining the phylogenic relationships of Citrus, Poncirus, and Fortunella (Befu et al, 2000(Befu et al, , 2001(Befu et al, , 2002Carvalho et al, 2005;Cornelio et al, 2003;Guerra, 1993;Kunitake et al, 2005;Miranda et al, 1997;Yamamoto and Tominaga, 2003;Yamamoto et al, 2005Yamamoto et al, , 2007. These studies demonstrated the existence of characteristic CMA banding patterns with a high level of diversity and heterozygosity in the chromosomes of the above genera.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CMA Staining Analysis of Chromosomes in Citrus Relatives, Clymenia, Eremocitrus and Microcitrus

Yamamoto

Abkenar

Matsumoto

et al. 2008

Fluorochrome staining with chromomycin A 3 (CMA) was used to characterize and compare the CMA banding patterns of chromosomes of Clymenia, Eremocitrus, and Microcitrus, which belong to true citrus fruit trees (Citrinae, Rutaceae). All species had 2n = 18 chromosomes. These chromosomes were classified into six types based on the number and position of CMA-positive bands; A: two telomeric and one proximal band, B: one telomeric and one proximal band, C: two telomeric bands, D: one telomeric band, E: without bands, and Dst: type D with a satellite chromosome. Each species possessed three or four types of chromosomes and unique CMA banding patterns. The CMA banding patterns were 2C + 8D + 8E in Cl. polyandra, 2C + 9D + 7E in E. glauca, 1C + 11D + 6E in M. australis, 1B + 2C + 10D + 5E in M. australasica, 8C + 7D + 2E + 1Dst in M. inodora, 2A + 14D + 2Dst in M. warburgiana, and 2C + 9D + 7E in Sydney hybrid. Chromosome configurations of Cl. polyandra, E. glauca, M. australis, and Sydney hybrid resembled each other. This may indicate a common ground of chromosome configuration in the true citrus fruit trees. On the other hand, variability in Microcitrus chromosomes was also demonstrated.