Chromosomal locations of eleven<i>Elytrigia elongata</i>(=<i>Agropyron elongatum</i>) isozyme structural genes

Hart, G. E.; Tuleen, N. A.

doi:10.1017/s0016672300021212

Cited by 55 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…However, it cannot be concluded that the saltregulated spots found in the amphiploid are exclusive products of the T. aestivum genomes. There is ample evidence in isozyme and DNA hybridization studies that Triticum and Elytrigia are closely related molecularly (6,19,20 Arrows indicate proteins or location of proteins from mRNAs that were induced or whose intensity was increased by salt treatment. Arrows with circles indicate proteins from mRNAs that were repressed or whose abundance was decreased by salt treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chinese Spring (2n = 6x = 42). From this amphiploid extensive stocks of E. elongata chromosome additions and substitution to T. aestivum have been obtained (3)(4)(5)(6). This amphiploid has been shown to be highly tolerant to excessive levels of Na+, Cl-, Mg2+, So42-, and sea salt (7), and several of the chromosome addition and substitution lines have been shown to be more salinity tolerant than Chinese Spring (J.D., unpublished).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Gene induction and repression by salt treatment in roots of the salinity-sensitive Chinese Spring wheat and the salinity-tolerant Chinese Spring × Elytrigia elongata amphiploid

Gulick

Dvořák

1987

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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An artificial amphiploid from a cross between salinity-sensitive bread wheat cultivar Chinese Spring and highly tolerant Elytrigia elongata (Host) Nevski (= Agropyron elongatum Host) shows enhanced salinity tolerance relative to Chinese Spring. Poly(A)+ RNA was isolated from roots, expanding leaves, and old leaves from amphiploid and Chinese Spring plants prior to and after acclimation to high levels of NaCl in solution cultures. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of the in vitro translation products was used to compare these mRNA populations. The amphiploid had 10 mRNA species induced or enhanced and 8 species repressed in root tissue during acclimation to saline growth conditions. These 18 transcripts affected by salt treatment were also detected in wheat roots, but only 4 of these were similarly regulated. In Chinese Spring the acclimation to saline stress resulted in a marked change in the level of expression of 34 transcripts in root tissue; of these, 26 were detected in the amphiploid and only 6 were regulated as in the amphiploid. No differences were seen in gene expression between salt-treated and control plants in leaves and meristematic crowns and unexpanded leaves of the amphiploid.A number of species of the genus Elytrigia (= Agropyron sensu lato) are known to be highly salt tolerant (1, 2). Some naturally occur in the littoral zones and salt marshes of the Mediterranean and Black Sea regions. Since they are related to cultivated wheats, there has been interest in them as a source of genes for the improvement of salinity tolerance of these crops. An octoploid amphiploid has been derived from a cross between Elytrigia elongata Host (2n = 2x = 14) and hexaploid Triticum aestivum L. cv. Chinese Spring (2n = 6x = 42). From this amphiploid extensive stocks of E. elongata chromosome additions and substitution to T. aestivum have been obtained (3-6). This amphiploid has been shown to be highly tolerant to excessive levels of Na+, Cl-, Mg2+, So42-, and sea salt (7), and several of the chromosome addition and substitution lines have been shown to be more salinity tolerant than Chinese Spring (J.D., unpublished). The expression of this tolerance in a T. aestivum background is highly fortuitous, as many desirable traits of wheat relatives are not expressed in artificial amphiploids, most likely because of the hexaploidy of T. aestivum. The expression of salinity tolerance of E. elongata and related Elytrigia pontica (Pobp.) Holub in wheat backgrounds (7,8) indicates that tolerance is genetically dominant over sensitivity and that Elytrigia genes could be useful for the improvement of salinity tolerance not only of cultivated wheats but possibly of other grasses, especially in light of the recent report of successful transformation of monocotyledenous species (9).The underlying physiological mechanisms of the salinity tolerance of Elytrigia are poorly understood, but, in general, even highly salt-tolerant species are observed to have reduced growth rates when cultured under saline stress (for review, se...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene induction and repression by salt treatment in roots of the salinity-sensitive Chinese Spring wheat and the salinity-tolerant Chinese Spring × Elytrigia elongata amphiploid

Gulick

Dvořák

1987

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…The simple genetic basis of allozymic forms permits their use as genetic markers for a number of applications 24 . Mapping of these "isozyme loci" in maize 9 , tomatoes 18 , barley 6 , wheat and related species 13 ' 14 has resulted in the formation of partial linkage maps, extremely useful tools for the breeder and plant geneticist. Conspicuously missing from the list of plants investigated are representatives from the Leguminosae, a major family of flowering plants both in terms of number of taxa and importance to agriculture.…”

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Chromosomal locations of twelve isozyme loci in Pisum sativum

Weeden

Marx

1984

Journal of Heredity

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Approximate chromosomal locations of 12 loci specifying electrophoretlc enzyme variants are described in the garden pea (Pisum sativum L.). The enzyme loci are distributed on five of the seven chromosomes. The position of the loci on chromosomes 2 and 3 are such that most of the known markers on these chromosomes will exhibit linkage with at least one of the isozyme loci. Several of the loci studied code for enzymes that have isozymic counterparts in other compartments of the cell. In order to distinguish among the genes coding these isozymes we have added a suffix to the locus designation corresponding to the Intracellular location of its product.

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“…The different fertility expression between the two disomic substitution lines is attributable to either the difference between two E. elongata chromosomes, 4E and e7, or that between chromosome 4A of Chinese Spring and Stewart durum. Hart and Tuleen (1983) reported that the 4E chromosome added to Chinese Spring genomes has a structural gene of ADH. The ADH gene on chromosome 4E codes for the protomer having a different electrophoretic mobility from those coded by wheat ADH genes, whereas the protomer coded by the present e7 chromosome has the same mobility as that coded by a gene on chromosome 4B.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alien chromosome substitution of durum wheat: Substitution of the chromosome e7 of Elytrigia elongata for chromosome 4A of Stewart durum.

Tsujimoto

Shinotani

Ono

1984

The Japanese journal of genetics

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Four monosomic substitution lines of the Elytrigia elongata (=Agropyron elongatum) chromosomes, e2, e3, es and e7 for chromosome 4A of durum wheat were produced by the cross between monosomic 4A and the corresponding disomic addition lines of Stewart durum. Among them the monosomic substitution line e7(4A) was the most vigorous and fertile.Although this line showed a chromosome configuration of 13"+2' at the first meiotic metaphase, it had 14 bivalents at diakinesis in most of its pollen mother cells. The fertilization rate of the four types of the egg cells produced by this monosomic substitution suggested a 50% elimination of both e7 and 4A univalents during the meiosis of durum wheat. Male transmission behavior indicated that chromosome e7 compensates for the function of chromosome 4A in the certation. A disomic substitution line was selected from the progeny of the monosomic substitution line e7 (4A) . Plants of this line were vigorous and completely fertile.Chromosome e7 was found to have a structural gene for alcohol dehydrogenase; in wheat this gene is known to be located on the three chromosomes of homoeologous group 4. It was thus concluded that chromosome e7 of E. elongata belongs to homoeologous group 4. A comparison of the morphology of the substitution, addition and monosomic lines with those of the normal Stewart durum, showed that chromosome e7 carried genes for awn suppression, culm thickness and ear laxness.

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Chromosomal locations of elevenElytrigia elongata(=Agropyron elongatum) isozyme structural genes

Cited by 55 publications

References 35 publications

Gene induction and repression by salt treatment in roots of the salinity-sensitive Chinese Spring wheat and the salinity-tolerant Chinese Spring × Elytrigia elongata amphiploid

Gene induction and repression by salt treatment in roots of the salinity-sensitive Chinese Spring wheat and the salinity-tolerant Chinese Spring × Elytrigia elongata amphiploid

Chromosomal locations of twelve isozyme loci in Pisum sativum

Alien chromosome substitution of durum wheat: Substitution of the chromosome e7 of Elytrigia elongata for chromosome 4A of Stewart durum.

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