Chromatographic Profiles and Identification of New Phenolic Components of <i>Ginkgo biloba</i> Leaves and Selected Products

Lin, Long-Ze; Chen, Pei; Özcan, Mustafa; Harnly, James M.

doi:10.1021/jf800488x

Cited by 83 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…This mass information strongly suggests the presence of a flavonol glycoside constructed with quercetin (C 15 H 10 O 7 ), glucose (C 6 H 10 O 5 ), and rhamnose (C 6 H 10 O 4 ) bonded in series. With reference to the compounds identified in previous reports, 1,12,14) the compound producing peak 4 was characterized as Q3R (Table 1). Other results of peak characterization are also described in Table 1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biflavones have been reported to be COX-2 inhibitors with the potential to serve as unique anti-inflammatory agents, 20) but are usually removed during the manufacturing process. 14) This suggests that some purification steps might be skipped in the process of manufacturing sample P.…”

Section: Flavonol Compositions Of Ginkgo Biloba Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, we developed a rapid analytical method to qualify and quantify flavonols in Ginkgo biloba products, and more accurate qualification than that of a previous study 14) was achieved using TOFMS. Surveil- lance of 22 food/medicinal products revealed that the flavonol compositions of most of the food products tested were similar to those of medicinal products.…”

Section: Flavonol Compositions Of Ginkgo Biloba Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, Lin and co-workers reported an LC-DAD-QMS method which can rapidly qualify the flavonols in Ginkgo biloba products. 14) In the present study, with reference to the preceding report, we developed a more qualitative and quantitative method using UHPLC-UV coupled with TOFMS 15,16) to survey the detailed flavonol composition of Ginkgo biloba products.…”

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Comprehensive Analysis of Flavonols inGinkgo bilobaProducts by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Ultra-Violet Detection and Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

Kakigi

Hakamatsuka²,

Icho

et al. 2012

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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The aim of this study was to survey the flavonol compositions of Ginkgo biloba products, especially those on the Japanese market. Sixteen food products, six medicinal products, and raw Ginkgo biloba leaves were examined by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra-violet detection and time-offlight mass spectrometry. Eleven flavonol glycosides, three biflavones, and a flavonol aglycone were qualified by analysis of accurate mass spectra. The quantitative data obtained were then applied to multivariate data analysis, and the flavonol compositions of the food and medicinal products were classified into four groups. Most of the food products were classified into the same group as the medicinal products, which contained high percentages of flavonol glycosides. On the other hand, some food products contained high percentages of biflavones or an aglycone.Key words: Ginkgo biloba; flavonols; comprehensive analysis; principal component analysis Ginkgo biloba is a plant of Chinese origin, called ''icho'' in Japanese and ''yin-kuo'' in Chinese. Ginkgo biloba leaves have been used as an herbal medicine in China for 5,000 years. In 1966, the pharmacological effect of an extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves on blood circulation was first reported in the West. 1) In recent years, the extracts have been used globally as herbal medicines to cure dementia and other diseases, 2,3) and also as foods. Annual sales of Ginkgo biloba products were reported to amount to 420 million euros in Germany, 107 million dollars in the United States, and 4.3 billion yen in Japan. 4)Terpene lactones and flavonol glycosides are the main biologically active components in Ginkgo biloba extracts. Terpene lactones have anti-platelet activity and inhibit beta amyloid peptide aggregation.2) Flavonol glycosides are known to act as antioxidants in the human body. The synergistic effects of these components are considered to be effective against Alzheimer's, cardiovascular, and other diseases. 3)In Japan, Ginkgo biloba products are categorized as foods, the origin and content of which are not as strictly regulated as those of medicines. In this circumstance, there is a possibility of inferior quality in some food products, 5) and thus it is necessary to survey the biologically active components of Ginkgo biloba products on the Japanese market.We have reported surveillance of the composition of terpene lactones and flavonols in Ginkgo biloba products.6,7) However, in our previous study, 7) we could not determine the details of the compositions of the flavonols, since many species of flavonol glycosides are degraded into a few flavonol aglycones and sugar units during the hydrolytic process. 8) In determining the details of flavonol composition, the lack of commercial analytical standards appears to be a problem. 5) In previous reports, 9-11) LC-UV methods were reported to determine flavonol glycosides, but peak identification was not sufficient. Although NMR analysis identified peaks in LC-UV and LC-ECD chromatograms, 12,13) it was a very t...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Flavonol Compositions Of Ginkgo Biloba Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Flavonol Compositions Of Ginkgo Biloba Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Comprehensive Analysis of Flavonols inGinkgo bilobaProducts by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Ultra-Violet Detection and Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

Kakigi

Hakamatsuka²,

Icho

et al. 2012

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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“…The flavonoids and terpene lactones are considered to be the main beneficial components. Over 30 flavonoids, including flavonol glycosides, flavonols, flavones, biflavones and catechins, have been isolated from G. biloba leaves [1]. G. biloba flavonoids have been prescribed for sensitivity-related chronic cerebral deterioration and functional disturbances, as well as cerebral vascular accidents and cranial trauma [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%