Chlorpyrifos-Methyl, Pirimiphos-Methyl and Fenitrothion Residues in Commercial Wheat Products

Abstract

We measured the concentrations of organophosphorus pesticide chlorpyrifos-methyl, pirimiphos-methyl and fenitrothion residues in domestic and imported commercial wheat products flour, noodles, cookies collected from 2008 to 2016. Chlorpyrifos-methyl and fenitrothion in domestic flour samples were detected in 16 out of 34 samples at levels of 0.001 to 0.016 ppm, and in 14 out of 34 samples at levels of 0.001 to 0.004 ppm. Chlorpyrifos-methyl was detected in 22 out of 38 domestic cookies at levels of 0.001 to 0.054 ppm median: 0.001 ppm . Relatively high concentrations of chlorpyrifos-methyl 0.005 to 0.054 ppm were found in six domestic cookies containing wheat bran. Pirimiphos-methyl was detected in 32 out of 68 cookies from foreign countries at levels of 0.001 to 0.11 ppm. Pirimiphos-methyl was detected frequently in products imported from Europe.

Connecting inorganic mercury and lead measurements in blood to dietary sources of exposure that may impact child development

“…Unhealthy dietary factors that may link to the development of symptoms associated with ASD and ADHD include exposures to I-Hg, Pb and/or pesticide residues[ 8 , 10 , 73 ] found in highly processed food[ 74 - 76 ]. In the United States, certified food color consumption in processed foods increased five-fold between 1950 and 2012 from 12 mg/capita per day to 68 mg/capita per day[ 76 ].…”

Dissipation of fenitrothion and esfenvalerate in wheat grains, bran and flour

“…Thus, to avoid consuming food with dangerous levels of these substances, every registered insecticide has a maximum residue limit (MRL) and a preharvest interval allowed by law. However, the improper use of the insecticides in stored products may change the residue levels so that they surpass their MRL, thus putting consumers' health at risk (Dordevic & Durovic-Pejcev, 2016;Watanabe et al, 2018). The persistence of the insecticide in stored products depends on several factors, including the physico-chemical characteristics of the pesticides, and the environmental conditions (e.g., humidity and temperature) of the warehouse in which the grain is stored (Farha et al, 2016).…”