Chlorella vulgaris, a microalgae important to be used in Biotechnology: a review

Abstract

Chlorella vulgaris is a microalgae belonging to the order of the Chlorococcales, of the Oocytaceae family, of the genus Chlorella, which has a green colour due to the chloroplasts it contains. Its shape is spherical with a size that varies from 1 to 10 microns. These microalgae contain, in addition to chlorophyll, a significant amount of intracellular proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamin C, β-carotenes and B vitamins (B1, B2, B6 and B12), which is why it is commonly used for the preparation of food supplements, as well as for the production of cosmetics, clinical treatments and even for the detoxification of heavy metals in wastewater. For this reason, the following review speaks from the morphology of the microalgae C. vulgaris to recent investigations regarding the primary and secondary metabolites. This research also provides an overview of the areas of opportunity for the development of new products and process improvements in order to increase the existing yields so far to optimize responses based on the desired products, the formulation of various growth media or the design of new photobioreactors which allow greater control of growth conditions and easy scaling for high productions at the industrial level that cover the current global needs.

Unveiling antimicrobial activity of microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana (UKM2), Chlorella sp. (UKM8) and Scenedesmus sp. (UKM9)

“…Toxicity of an extract may be attributed to its metabolites content ( Sit et al, 2018 , Malebo et al, 2009 ). The low toxicity of an extract indicates that its active compounds have been thoroughly investigated and subsequently used as promising antibacterial agent ( Coronado-reyes et al, 2020 ). This is a significant feature of an extract as the source of biologically active compounds for pharmacological purposes.…”

Microorganisms: A Potential Source of Bioactive molecules for Antioxidants and Antimicrobial Applications

“…Maximum concentration of vitamin C was reported from Chlorella sp. [160] and Dunaliella sp. [161], Skeletonema costatum and Chaetoceros calcitrans.…”

Nitrogen sources affect the growth of local strain Euglena sp. isolated from Dieng Peatland, Central Java, Indonesia, and their potential as bio-avtur

“…Unicellular microalgae are photosynthetic and microscopic organisms that can naturally grow in the aquatic environment. Most of microalgae are eukaryotic and photosynthetic because they have chlorophyll pigments to support photosynthesis [2]. In addition, microalgae can also adapt under extreme environmental conditions such as in a very acidic environment, one example is the Euglenaceae family which is able to live in extreme environments and can convert sunlight into chemical energy efficiently.…”