Chloramphenicol, lincomycin and oxytetracycline disposition in calves with experimental pneumonic pasteurellosis

Burrows, George E.; Barto, P. B.; Weeks, Brad R.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1986.tb00032.x

Cited by 29 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The volume of distribution for lincomycin was estimated to be 1.1 ± 0.2 L/kg body weight, which shows that this drug is also distributed to the intracellular as well as to the extracellular compartments of the body. In calves the volume of distribution was lower (0.9 L/kg (Burrows et al ., 1983); 0.7 L/kg (Burrows et al ., 1986)) whereas in humans it is higher (102 to 139 L after administration of lincomycin to volunteers weighing 71 to 94 kg; Gwilt & Smith, 1986).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioavailability of spiramycin and lincomycin after oral administration to fed and fasted pigs

Nielsen

Gyrd‐Hansen

1998

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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The disposition of spiramycin and lincomycin was measured after intravenous (i.v.) and oral (p.o.) administration to pigs. Twelve healthy pigs (six for each compound) weighing 16-43 kg received a dose of 10 mg/kg intravenously, and 55 mg/kg (spiramycin) or 33 mg/kg (lincomycin) orally in both a fasted and a fed condition in a three-way cross-over design. Spiramycin was detectable in plasma up to 30 h after intravenous and oral administration to both fasted and fed pigs, whereas lincomycin was detected for only 12 h after intravenous administration and up to 15 h after oral administration. The volume of distribution was 5.6 +/- 1.5 and 1.1 +/- 0.2 L/kg body weight for spiramycin and lincomycin, respectively. For both compounds the bioavailability was strongly dependent on the presence of food in the gastrointestinal tract. For spiramycin the bioavailability was determined to be 60% and 24% in fasted and fed pigs, respectively, whereas the corresponding figures for lincomycin were 73% and 41%. The maximum plasma concentration of spiramycin (Cmax) was estimated to be 5 microg/mL in fasted pigs and 1 microg/mL only in fed pigs. It is concluded that an oral dose of 55 mg/kg body weight is not enough to give a therapeutically effective plasma concentration of spiramycin against species of Mycoplasma, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus and Pasteurella multocida. The maximum plasma concentration of lincomycin was estimated to be 8 microg/mL in fasted pigs and 5 microg/mL in fed pigs, but as the minimum inhibitory concentration for lincomycin against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and P. multocida is higher than 32 microg/mL a therapeutically effective plasma concentration could not be obtained following oral administration of the drug. For Mycoplasma the MIC90 is below 1 microg/mL and a therapeutically effective plasma concentration of lincomycin was thus obtained after oral administration to both fed and fasted pigs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioavailability of spiramycin and lincomycin after oral administration to fed and fasted pigs

Nielsen

Gyrd‐Hansen

1998

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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“…However, a lower value of 1.84 min was reported for CAP in swine (Mercer et al, 1978). The mean volume of the central compartment was 268 _+ 0.13 ml/kg, a value that is comparable with that of 361 ml/kg reported for CAP in calves (Burrows et al, 1978) but smaller than that of 920 ml/kg reported in cows (Van Der Lee et aL, 1982). The mean volume of the central compartment was 268 _+ 0.13 ml/kg, a value that is comparable with that of 361 ml/kg reported for CAP in calves (Burrows et al, 1978) but smaller than that of 920 ml/kg reported in cows (Van Der Lee et aL, 1982).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…For IV administration, the distribution half-life of TAP of 6.10 ___ 1.39 min from the central compartment was slightly shorter than those reported for CAP in cows of 9.6 min (Burrows et aL, 1978) and 11.5 min (Anderson et al, 1983), or those for florfenicol of 7.94 min in male veal calves (Adams et al, 1987) and 12.6 min in lactating cows (Signorini et al, 1986). However, a lower value of 1.84 min was reported for CAP in swine (Mercer et al, 1978).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

The pharmacokinetics of thiamphenicol in lactating cows

et al. 1993

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The pharmacokinetics of thiamphenicol were studied after intravenous and intramuscular administration of 25 mg/kg body weight in lactating cows. Distribution (t1/2 alpha) and elimination (t1/2 beta) half-lives of 6.10 +/- 1.39 min and 1.60 +/- 0.30 h, respectively, were obtained after intravenous administration. The body clearance was 3.9 +/- 0.077 ml/kg per min and the apparent volume of distribution was 1220.79 +/- 256.67 ml/kg. The rate at which thiamphenicol appeared in the milk, as indicated by the penetration half-life (t1/2P) (serum to quarters), was found to be 36.89 +/- 11.14 min. The equivalent elimination half-life (t1/2E) (quarters to serum) from the milk was 3.62 +/- 1.06 h and the peak thiamphenicol concentration in the milk was 23.09 +/- 3.42 micrograms/ml at 2.5 +/- 0.32 h. After intramuscular injection, the elimination half-life was 2.2 +/- 0.40 h, the absorption half-life was 4.02 +/- 1.72 min and the peak concentration in the serum was 30.90 +/- 5.24 micrograms/ml at 23 +/- 8.4 min. The bioavailability after intramuscular administration approached 100%. The penetration half-life was 50.59 +/- 6.87 min, the elimination half-life was 5.91 +/- 4.97 h and the mean peak concentration in the milk was 17.37 +/- 2.20 micrograms/ml at 3.4 +/- 0.22 h.

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“…(Dumka and singh, 2013). High distribution of lincomycin to various tissues and body fluids were reflected by large Vd area which was higher than the Vd area in calves with induced Pasteurella haemolytica pneumonia (1.2 L/kg), buffalo calves (1.15 L.kg -1 ), pigs (1.1 L.kg -1 ) cats (0.97-1.24 L.kg -1 ) and chicken (1.76 L.kg -1 ) for lincomycin (Burrows et al 1986;Nielsen and Gyrd-Hansen 1998;Albarellos et al 2012Albarellos et al , 2013Gouri et al 2014;El-Sayed et al 2015). In support of present result, Vd area of florfenicol in febrile calves (2.11± 0.18 L/kg) was reported by Dumka and Singh, (2013).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pharmacokinetics of lincomycin has been conducted in dairy cattle (Weber et al1981), calves (Burrows et al 1983(Burrows et al , 1986, buffalo calves (Gouri et al 2014), pigs (Chaleva and Nquyen 1987;Nielsen and Gyrd-Hansen 1998), cats (Albarellos et al 2012(Albarellos et al , 2013 and chickens (El-Sayed et al 2015). Further, disease conditions are known to alter the disposition of antimicrobials (Kumar et al 2010;Burrows 1986). Fever is most common manifestations of infectious diseases and is reported to induce biochemical and physiological alterations in the cells (Van Miert 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics of lincomycin following intravenousadministration in febrile goats

Sharma

Dumka

2016

IJAR

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Disposition of antimicrobials is known to be altered during disease conditions and fever is one of the common manifestations of bacterial infections in animals. The disposition of lincomycin (10 mg/kg, IV) during Echerichia coli endotoxin-induced fever in goats followed two compartment open model and drug was detected in plasma up to 8 h. The high AUC (39.5±6.21 g.h/mL) indicated good antibacterial activity of lincomycin in goats. The volume of distribution and total body clearance were 3.35±0.45 L/kg and 0.28±0.03 L/h/kg, respectively. The long elimination half life 9.93± 2.83 h indicated persistence of drug for longer period in body. Lincomycin, is suggested to be repeated at 24 h interval for organisms sensitive to lincomycin having MIC up to 0.6 µg/mL for the treatment of bacterial infections manifested with fever in goats.

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Chloramphenicol, lincomycin and oxytetracycline disposition in calves with experimental pneumonic pasteurellosis

Cited by 29 publications

References 9 publications

Bioavailability of spiramycin and lincomycin after oral administration to fed and fasted pigs

Bioavailability of spiramycin and lincomycin after oral administration to fed and fasted pigs

The pharmacokinetics of thiamphenicol in lactating cows

Pharmacokinetics of lincomycin following intravenousadministration in febrile goats

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