The pharmacokinetics of thiamphenicol in lactating cows

Abstract

The pharmacokinetics of thiamphenicol were studied after intravenous and intramuscular administration of 25 mg/kg body weight in lactating cows. Distribution (t1/2 alpha) and elimination (t1/2 beta) half-lives of 6.10 +/- 1.39 min and 1.60 +/- 0.30 h, respectively, were obtained after intravenous administration. The body clearance was 3.9 +/- 0.077 ml/kg per min and the apparent volume of distribution was 1220.79 +/- 256.67 ml/kg. The rate at which thiamphenicol appeared in the milk, as indicated by the penetration half-life (t1/2P) (serum to quarters), was found to be 36.89 +/- 11.14 min. The equivalent elimination half-life (t1/2E) (quarters to serum) from the milk was 3.62 +/- 1.06 h and the peak thiamphenicol concentration in the milk was 23.09 +/- 3.42 micrograms/ml at 2.5 +/- 0.32 h. After intramuscular injection, the elimination half-life was 2.2 +/- 0.40 h, the absorption half-life was 4.02 +/- 1.72 min and the peak concentration in the serum was 30.90 +/- 5.24 micrograms/ml at 23 +/- 8.4 min. The bioavailability after intramuscular administration approached 100%. The penetration half-life was 50.59 +/- 6.87 min, the elimination half-life was 5.91 +/- 4.97 h and the mean peak concentration in the milk was 17.37 +/- 2.20 micrograms/ml at 3.4 +/- 0.22 h.

Pharmacokinetic – Pharmacodynamic Considerations for Bovine Mastitis Treatment

“…TAP is a structural analogue of CAP with marked toxicological differences (Mestorino et al, 1993b). TAP has a greater in vitro activity against some bacteria that are resistant to CAP.…”

“…We performed a complete study about the TAP PK behavior in lactating healthy Holstein cows after its administration by intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous routes ( Fig. 8) and after IMM infusion in a unique quarter and in the complete gland (in the four quarters) (Mestorino et al, 1993a;1993b;. Serum PK after IV administration was described following a bicompartmental model.…”

Capillary electrophoretic determination of thiamphenicol in turkeys serum and its pharmacokinetic application

“…The pharmacokinetics investigations of TAP have been demonstrated in different animal species, including cattle [6][7][8], calves [7,9,10], lambs [7], goats [11], pigs [12] and fish [5]. Furthermore, the pharmacokinetic profile of TAP has been studied, comparing intravenous (i.v.…”

Allometric analysis of thiamphenicol disposition among seven mammalian species

“…In all the species studied, a biexponential equation was the best fit for the plasma concentration–time curves, in agreement with data described in the literature (Gazzaniga et al ., 1973; Signorini et al ., 1986; Lavy et al ., 1991; Mestorino et al ., 1993; Abdennebi et al ., 1994a,b).…”

“…The disposition kinetics of TAP has been studied in different mammalian species, including humans, goats, cattle, cows, sheep, dogs and pigs (Ferrari, 1984; Lavy et al ., 1991; Gámez et al ., 1992; Mestorino et al ., 1993; Abdennebi et al ., 1994a,b; Castells et al ., 1998, 1999). In all the species studied, TAP shows a similar biexponential profile.…”