Pharmacokinetic – Pharmacodynamic Considerations for Bovine Mastitis Treatment

Mestorino, Nora; Errecalde, Jorge Oscar

doi:10.5772/31721

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(61 reference statements)

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“…Pharmacokinetic studies are usually carried out in healthy animals whereas antimicrobial drugs are administered to diseased animals, where drug behavior can be modified by various factors (Mestorino & Errecalde, ) . The results of the study reported here clearly demonstrate important differences in the pharmacokinetic values in skimmed milk and plasma between healthy and mastitic goats that associated with changes in residue risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intramammary cefquinome in lactating goats with and without experimentally inducedStaphylococcus aureusmastitis

Badawy

Amer

Kamel

et al. 2019

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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Values for pharmacokinetic variables are usually obtained in healthy animals, whereas drugs are frequently administered to diseased animals. This study investigated cefquinome pharmacokinetics in healthy goats and goats with experimentally induced mastitis. Five adult lactating goats received 75 mg of cefquinome intramammary infusion using a commercially available product into one udder half in healthy goats and goats with clinical mastitis that was induced by intracisternal infusion of 100 cfu of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 suspended in 5 ml of sterile culture broth. Cefquinome concentrations were determined in plasma and skimmed milk samples using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Pharmacodynamics was investigated using the California Mastitis Test and pH of milk. Experimentally induced mastitis significantly increased the California Mastitis Test score and pH, and decreased the maximal cefquinome concentration and shortened the half‐life in milk when compared to healthy goats. In conclusion, mastitis facilitated the absorption of cefquinome from the mammary gland of lactating goats and induced marked changes in milk pH, emphasizing the importance of performing pharmacokinetic studies of antimicrobial agents in infected animals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intramammary cefquinome in lactating goats with and without experimentally inducedStaphylococcus aureusmastitis

Badawy

Amer

Kamel

et al. 2019

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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“…This disease is responsible for a negative effect in the economy of several countries, because of the decrease results in the production level and quality of milk. The most frequent pathogen which caused subclinical mastitis in dairy cows is Staphylococcus aureus ( 1 ). This microorganism is characterized by its capacity of select resistance against traditional antimicrobials and some virulence factors as its ability to form biofilms and to invade and survive inside epithelial cells ( 2 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combination of Cloxacillin and Essential Oil of Melaleuca armillaris as an Alternative Against Staphylococcus aureus

et al. 2018

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The emergence of resistance to antibiotics has been favored by abuse in the application of antimicrobials in human and animal medicine. Essential oils are a great resource to deal with this crisis. Melaleuca armillaris belongs to the family of Myrtaceae, rich in species with essential oils. Plant extracts has shown antimicrobial activity in many investigations. Cloxacillin (CLOX) is an antibiotic widely used in veterinary medicine against Staphylococcus aureus. Our aim was to assess pharmacodynamic interaction established by combining essential oil of M. armillaris (EO) with CLOX in search of a synergistic effect that maximizes the antibacterial activity against S. aureus. The EO was obtained by steam distillation and its composition was analyzed by a GC–FID–MS. The most abundant components in the EO were 1.8 cineole (72.3%), limonene (7.8%). and α-pinene (6%). We worked with wild type S. aureus strains (n = 3) isolated from Holstein cows, and S. aureus ATCC 29213 as the reference strain. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of CLOX, EO and the combination was determined by microdilution in broth at pH 7.4; 6.5 and 5.0. The checkerboard method was applied to evaluate the interaction between CLOX and EO. The Fractional Inhibitory Concentration index (FIC) was established. From those combinations that yielded the lowest FIC values, we evaluated the index of antibacterial activity (E), established as the difference between the Log10 values of the number of viable bacteria at the initial (nt0) and at the end of the test (nt24). So, time-killing curves with CLOX and EO/CLOX combination at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 fold the MIC in broth at pH 7.4; 6.5 and 5.0 were prepared. We considered Bacteriostatic effect (E = 0) Bactericidal effect (E = −3) and Effect of virtual eradication of bacteria (E = −4). A clear synergic activity between the EO and the CLOX was demonstrated, which allows reducing the MIC of β-lactam against S. aureus. This interaction was favored by acidification of the medium, where lower concentrations of CLOX achieved a bactericidal effect, close to virtual eradication, in the presence of small amounts of EO.

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“…The therapeutic success of bovine mastitis depends mainly on accurate diagnosis of kind of pathogen, it will contribute to improvement of clinical and microbiological e cacy and helps to prevent of emergence and spread of resistant microorganisms. Despite the development prospects for bovine mastitis diagnosis with a focus on speci c pathogens at an early stage fast together with the e cient devices can offer a "cow-side" and "on-site" with high sensitivity and speci city [1,6,[15][16][17]; the most e cient, safe, and economical treatments for mastitis are still topics of scienti c debate [6,18,19]. Generally, narrow and/or broad spectrum antibiotics are generally used for the treatment of E. coli mastitis, but treatment studies have shown controversial results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of the Heter-LP algorithm to reposition antibiotics for managing E. coli mastitis in dairy cattle

Sharifi¹,

Shahreza²,

Pakdel³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Mastitis, a disease with high incidence worldwide, is the most prevalent and costly disease in the dairy industry. Environmental mastitis pathogens, such as Escherichia coli (E. coli), are major etiological agents of bovine mastitis in well-managed dairy farms. However, there is still a need to develop more efficient, safe, and economical treatments for mastitis. In the current research, Heter-LP, a new system biology-based method of drug repositioning, was applied to potentially identify novel therapeutic avenues for the treatment of E. coli mastitis. On-line data repositories relevant to known diseases, drugs, and gene targets along with other specialized biological information for E. coli mastitis, including key genes with robust bio-signatures, drugs and related diseases were used as input data for analysis with the Heter-LP algorithm. Our analyses identified novel drugs such as Glibenclamide, Ipratropium, Salbutamol, and Carbidopa as possible therapeutics that could be used against E. coli mastitis. Predicted relationships can be used by pharmaceutical scientists or veterinarians to find commercially efficacious medicines or combination of two or more active compounds to treat mastitis.

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Pharmacokinetic – Pharmacodynamic Considerations for Bovine Mastitis Treatment

Cited by 15 publications

References 60 publications

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intramammary cefquinome in lactating goats with and without experimentally inducedStaphylococcus aureusmastitis

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intramammary cefquinome in lactating goats with and without experimentally inducedStaphylococcus aureusmastitis

Combination of Cloxacillin and Essential Oil of Melaleuca armillaris as an Alternative Against Staphylococcus aureus

The use of the Heter-LP algorithm to reposition antibiotics for managing E. coli mastitis in dairy cattle

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