Chlamydia Pneumoniae and Helicobacter Pylori Serology - Importance in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease

Abstract

Background:Chronic infections in CHD are due to one or both of the organisms Chlamydia pneumoniae and Helicobacter pylori.Aim:To examine the association between serum markers of Chlamydia pneumoniae and Helicobacter pylori infection and markers of myocardial damage. in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), with chronic coronary artery disease (CAD) and in–control group.Material and methods:Sera were taken from a total of 153 subjects. Subjects were divided in three groups: 64 patients with ACS; 53 patients with CAD and a group of 35 conditionally healthy individuals. Analysis of patients’ sera for IgG antibodies to H. pylori and markers for myocardial damage was done on the Immulite system. The presence of specific IgG and IgA antibodies to C. pneumoniae was determined with MIF, Sero FIA (Savyon Diagnostics, Israel). Statistical analysis of data was done using the statistical program SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences), version 13.Results and discussion:There was a high significant difference in troponin levels between the three groups of subjects (p=0.0000). Levels of creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) were highest in the ACS group (500.0 ng/mL). There was a statistically significant difference between CG subjects and ACS patients due to more frequent detection of antichlamydial IgA antibodies in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Positive serum immune response for Helicobacter pylori was 17 (53.1%) and 29 (80.6%), respectively.Conclusion:Increased IgA antibody titers for C. Pneumoniae, increased CRP values as well as classic markers of myocardial damage are risk factors for coronary events.

Associated Bacterial Coinfections in COVID-19-Positive Patients

“…A multicenter, retrospective cohort study showed that Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia causes significant morbidity and mortality in patients with pre-existing immunosuppression, an aspect confirmed by our study as well [47]. Staphylococcus aureus is not typically associated with chronic coronary syndrome, which is a pathological process characterized by atherosclerotic plaque accumulation in the epicardial arteries; however, some studies have shown that there may be an association between this latter cardiac pathology and bacterial infections such as Chlamydia pneumoniae and Helicobacter pylori [48][49][50]. We found a strong correlation between chronic coronary syndrome and the presence of Staphylococcus aureus in the COVID-19-positive group.…”

Chlamydia Pneumoniae Infection and Cerebral Infarction Risk: A Meta-Analysis

“…Some studies have already found the relationship between C. pneumoniae infection and coronary artery disease risk and prognosis (35,36). Our meta-analysis indicated that C. pneumoniae infection was significantly associated with an increased risk of cerebral infarction, and sensitivity analyses suggested the results were robust.…”

Association of Helicobacter pylori and Coronary heart disease in Iran: A meta-analysis

“…homocysteine, free radicals, cytokines, and chemokines) so that the outcome would be local and systemic intra-artery inflammation, which in turn results in atherosclerosis and thrombosis(22). Taking into account that the bacteria can prevent blood supply to walls of the heart, Helicobacter pylori infection may directly act as a pathogen on the wall of arteries and cause coronary diseases or indirectly cause inflammation(53, 54). If the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and cardiovascular diseases is proven, one may conclude that treating the infection reduces OR of the diseases and the pertinent events.…”