Chitosan-Based Biomaterial Scaffolds for the Repair of Infected Bone Defects

Abstract

The treatment of infected bone defects includes infection control and repair of the bone defect. The development of biomaterials with anti-infection and osteogenic ability provides a promising strategy for the repair of infected bone defects. Owing to its antibacterial properties, chitosan (an emerging natural polymer) has been widely studied in bone tissue engineering. Moreover, it has been shown that chitosan promotes the adhesion and proliferation of osteoblast-related cells, and can serve as an ideal carrier for bone-promoting substances. In this review, the specific molecular mechanisms underlying the antibacterial effects of chitosan and its ability to promote bone repair are discussed. Furthermore, the properties of several kinds of functionalized chitosan are analyzed and compared with those of pure chitosan. The latest research on the combination of chitosan with different types of functionalized materials and biomolecules for the treatment of infected bone defects is also summarized. Finally, the current shortcomings of chitosan-based biomaterials for the treatment of infected bone defects and future research directions are discussed. This review provides a theoretical basis and advanced design strategies for the use of chitosan-based biomaterials in the treatment of infected bone defects.

Dual-functional composite scaffolds for inhibiting infection and promoting bone regeneration

“…While effective, several cationic polymers exhibit poor biocompatibility [ 110 ]. Chitosan is a natural cationic antibacterial material, which is often used for the treatment of infectious bone defects because of its good biocompatibility, biodegradability, and antibacterial properties [ 111 ]. HA, the main component of bone matrix, exhibits satisfactory biocompatibility and the performance of promoting bone regeneration, and is one of the most commonly used calcium phosphate materials [ 112 ].…”

Biomimetic chitosan with biocomposite nanomaterials for bone tissue repair and regeneration

“…Chitosan biomaterials enhance the proliferation of osteoblasts and the formation of bone minerals by promoting gene expression of type I collagen, osteopontin, osteonectin, and osteocalcin. Chitosan mixed with different functionalized materials such as silver, magnesium oxide, and bioactive glass has aided the treatment of infected bone defects with a biodegradable behaviour at the bone defect site [ 44 – 45 ]. The N -(2-hydroxy)propyl-3-trimethylammonium chitosan chloride (HACC) is a chitosan biomaterial used for the treatment of infected bone defects.…”

Chitosan-vancomycin hydrogel incorporated bone repair scaffold based on staggered orthogonal structure: a viable dually controlled drug delivery system

“…Currently, infection control and local defect reconstruction are the two main principles for treating infected bone defects. 6,7 Bones have inherent reconstructive potential. 8 Moreover, autologous and allogeneic bone graing, as well as guided osteogenesis, remains the choice in clinical practice, but these approaches have their limitations.…”

“…Currently, infection control and local defect reconstruction are the two main principles for treating infected bone defects. 6,7 …”