Chitosan: A review of sources and preparation methods

Kou, Shijie Gabriel; Peters, Lin; Mucalo, Michael R.

doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.005

Cited by 392 publications

(231 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Chitosan: Chitosan is a well-known film-forming biodegradable polymer obtained from an exoskeleton source of marine invertebrates (crustacean shells) that are abundant, cheap, and easily degradable polymers [69,70]. In addition, chitosan is non-toxic and eco-friendly in nature [71], with high insolubility in water but soluble in acidic pH, and is also known as biocompatible.…”

Section: Polysaccharidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Coating Polymers in Meat Preservation

Gagaoua

Bhattacharya²,

Lamri

et al. 2021

Coatings

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Edible coatings, including green polymers are used frequently in the food industry to improve and preserve the quality of foods. Green polymers are defined as biodegradable polymers from biomass resources or synthetic routes and microbial origin that are formed by mono- or multilayer structures. They are used to improve the technological properties without compromising the food quality, even with the purpose of inhibiting lipid oxidation or reducing metmyoglobin formation in fresh meat, thereby contributing to the final sensory attributes of the food and meat products. Green polymers can also serve as nutrient-delivery carriers in meat and meat products. This review focuses on various types of bio-based biodegradable polymers and their preparation techniques and applications in meat preservation as a part of active and smart packaging. It also outlines the impact of biodegradable polymer films or coatings reinforced with fillers, either natural or synthesized, via the green route in enhancing the physicochemical, mechanical, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties for extending shelf-life. The interaction of the package with meat contact surfaces and the advanced polymer composite sensors for meat toxicity detection are further considered and discussed. In addition, this review addresses the research gaps and challenges of the current packaging systems, including coatings where green polymers are used. Coatings from renewable resources are seen as an emerging technology that is worthy of further investigation toward sustainable packaging of food and meat products.

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Section: Polysaccharidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Coating Polymers in Meat Preservation

Gagaoua

Bhattacharya²,

Lamri

et al. 2021

Coatings

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“…Chitosan (Csn), the derived amino-polysaccharide from chitin deacetylation, is a superior biopolymer that has numerous applications in the biological and medical fields. Accordingly, more Csn extraction processes were greatly required from any potential source, including crustacean wastes, fungi, plants, or insects [1]. Crustacean are the foremost sources for Csn acquiring, but due to their seasonal limited supply, the Csn extractions from fungi and insects were explored as promising alternative sources [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation of Insect Chitosan Stabilized Silver Nanoparticles with Propolis Extract as Potent Antimicrobial and Wound Healing Composites

Al-Saggaf

2021

International Journal of Polymer Science

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Skin wounds are frequently influenced with microbial infections and inflammation, which need innovative agents for disputing them. Chitosan (Csn) was extracted from larvae of BSF “black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens” and ethanolic propolis extract (Pro) was employed for synthesizing silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs), using facile biogenic protocol. The BSF-Csn was acquired with a yield of 1.56%, 91.3% deacetylation degree, and 88.600 Dalton molecular weight. The Ag-NPs were effectually biosynthesized using Pro, with a mean diameter of 8.73 nm and zeta potential of -21.34 mV. The antimicrobial activities assessment of insect Csn, Pro, synthesized Ag-NPs with Pro, and their composite against skin pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans) revealed the elevated efficiency of the individual agents and the superior action of their composite (Csn/Pro/Ag-NPs), with 26.3 and 23.4 mm inhibition zones and inhibitory concentrations of 35.0 and 45.0 μg/mL from the composite toward S. aureus and C. albicans, respectively, which exceeded the actions of commercial antibiotics. The treatment of rat’s wounds with this composite promisingly led to faster healing of wounds and absence of inflammation and infection signs. The powerful actions of Csn/Pro/Ag-NPs as antimicrobial and wound healing composite strongly advocate their applications for skin protection, disinfection, and regeneration.

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“…Through enzymatic or chemical deacetylation, chitin can be converted to its most well-known derivative, CS. The various methods involved in the isolation of chitin and recovery of chitosan from chitin have been well researched and reviewed [29][30][31]. Figure 1 gives the overall scheme of the journey from shell wastes to nanochitosan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanochitosan: Commemorating the Metamorphosis of an ExoSkeletal Waste to a Versatile Nutraceutical

Sivanesan

Muthu²,

Gopal³

et al. 2021

Nanomaterials

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Chitin (poly-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine) is the second (after cellulose) most abundant organic polymer. In its deacetylated form—chitosan—becomes a very interesting material for medical use. The chitosan nano-structures whose preparation is described in this article shows unique biomedical value. The preparation of nanochitosan, as well as the most vital biomedical applications (antitumor, drug delivery and other medical uses), have been discussed in this review. The challenges confronting the progress of nanochitosan from benchtop to bedside clinical settings have been evaluated. The need for inclusion of nano aspects into chitosan research, with improvisation from nanotechnological inputs has been prescribed for breaking down the limitations. Future perspectives of nanochitosan and the challenges facing nanochitosan applications and the areas needing research focus have been highlighted.

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Chitosan: A review of sources and preparation methods

Cited by 392 publications

References 70 publications

Green Coating Polymers in Meat Preservation

Green Coating Polymers in Meat Preservation

Formulation of Insect Chitosan Stabilized Silver Nanoparticles with Propolis Extract as Potent Antimicrobial and Wound Healing Composites

Nanochitosan: Commemorating the Metamorphosis of an ExoSkeletal Waste to a Versatile Nutraceutical

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