Formulation of Insect Chitosan Stabilized Silver Nanoparticles with Propolis Extract as Potent Antimicrobial and Wound Healing Composites

Abstract

Skin wounds are frequently influenced with microbial infections and inflammation, which need innovative agents for disputing them. Chitosan (Csn) was extracted from larvae of BSF “black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens” and ethanolic propolis extract (Pro) was employed for synthesizing silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs), using facile biogenic protocol. The BSF-Csn was acquired with a yield of 1.56%, 91.3% deacetylation degree, and 88.600 Dalton molecular weight. The Ag-NPs were effectually biosynthesized using Pro, with a mean diameter of 8.73 nm and zeta potential of -21.34 mV. The antimicrobial activities assessment of insect Csn, Pro, synthesized Ag-NPs with Pro, and their composite against skin pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans) revealed the elevated efficiency of the individual agents and the superior action of their composite (Csn/Pro/Ag-NPs), with 26.3 and 23.4 mm inhibition zones and inhibitory concentrations of 35.0 and 45.0 μg/mL from the composite toward S. aureus and C. albicans, respectively, which exceeded the actions of commercial antibiotics. The treatment of rat’s wounds with this composite promisingly led to faster healing of wounds and absence of inflammation and infection signs. The powerful actions of Csn/Pro/Ag-NPs as antimicrobial and wound healing composite strongly advocate their applications for skin protection, disinfection, and regeneration.

Application of Nanocomposites from Bees Products and Nano-Selenium in Edible Coating for Catfish Fillets Biopreservation

“…The recorded zeta-potentialities (<−30 mV and >+30 mV) or inspected NPs and their DLS marks reflect their outstanding stability and dispersion in solutions [26]. These auspicious findings in the current research, particularly the raised stability and miniature sizes of BCht-based nanocomposites, agree with formerly demonstrated results that indicate the ability of varied chitosan forms to carry further bioactive molecules and biosynthesized nanoparticles [34,49].…”

“…Additionally, the reducing powers and antioxidant activity of Pro molecules could enforce the reduction of Se to SeNPs, which was recently stated for AgNPs synthesis with Pro [49]. The BCht particles' size was slightly increased after encapsulating Pro/SeNPs with a minor reduction in BCht surface positivity, which verified the efficiency of these nanopolymer particles for capping/encapsulating the conjugated molecules [34,45,49,50]. The slightly decreased positivity of BCht after conjugation with Pro/SeNPs may additionally appoint their physical capping of the nanocomposite rather than biochemical interactions with them [50].…”

“…The shifted, emerged and disappeared bands of the Pro groups indicated their physiochemical interactions with SeNPs [12,45]. Additionally, the reducing powers and antioxidant activity of Pro molecules could enforce the reduction of Se to SeNPs, which was recently stated for AgNPs synthesis with Pro [49]. The BCht particles' size was slightly increased after encapsulating Pro/SeNPs with a minor reduction in BCht surface positivity, which verified the efficiency of these nanopolymer particles for capping/encapsulating the conjugated molecules [34,45,49,50].…”

“…The shifted, emerged and disappeared bands of the Pro groups indicated their physiochemical interactions with SeNPs [12,45]. Additionally, the reducing powers and antioxidant activity of Pro molecules could enforce the reduction of Se to SeNPs, which was recently stated for AgNPs synthesis with Pro [49].…”

“…The SeNPs' antimicrobial action was enhanced by their conjugation with chitosan NPs [34,50], and the Pro-mediated SeNPs were confirmed to have more antimicrobial powers than the effects of its compositing ingredients [12]. This was also stated for further Pro-mediated nanometals, which possessed stronger microbicidal actions than their elemental ingredients [17,49]. Furthermore, the acquired synergism between these conjugated antimicrobial agents (BCht, Pro and SeNPs) has influential potentiality for inhibiting bacterial strains; the microbial cell cannot survive in the presence of multiple antimicrobial compounds with diverse actions and from diverse sources [34,52].…”