Chitin Research Revisited

Khoushab, Feisal; Yamabhai, Montarop

doi:10.3390/md8071988

Cited by 350 publications

(216 citation statements)

References 213 publications

(204 reference statements)

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“…In addition, chitin seems to exhibit a bacteriostatic effect on the Gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, Shigella disenteriae and Bacteriodes fragile (Vidanarachchi et al, 2010). Khoushab and Yamabhai (2010) also showed antifungal and antimicrobial proprieties of chitin. The knowledge on these activities of chitin have yet to be totally uncovered and several mechanisms have been suggested.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Tenebrio molitor larvae meal on growth performance, in vivo nutrients digestibility, somatic and marketable indexes of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)

Piccolo

Iaconisi

Marono

et al. 2017

Animal Feed Science and Technology

175

134

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the inclusion of Tenebrio molitor larvae meal in practical diets for gilthead sea bream on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, somatic and marketable indexes. Two separate trials were carried out: in the first a total of 153 gilthead sea bream (105.2 ± 0.17 g average initial body weight) were randomly allocated in 9 fiberglass 220 liter tanks (17 fish per tank) in an indoor water recirculating system. The fish were fed three isoenergetic and isoproteic diets formulated to contain increasing levels of TM meal inclusion and precisely: a control diet (TM0), in which fish meal was the main protein source; TM25 and TM50 diets, in which 25% and 50% of Tenebrio molitor larvae meal was added to the diet, respectively. These inclusion rates corresponded to 30% and 60% of inclusion on protein bases and 35% and 71% of fish meal substitution on protein bases for TM25 and TM50 diets, respectively. Each diet was randomly assigned to 3 tanks and the trial lasted 163 days. In the second trial the apparent digestibility coefficients of the 3 diets were measured on 72 fish randomly distributed to 3 digestibility tank-units (24 fish per unit, average body weight: 86.97±2.3 g) using an indirect method (acid insoluble ash).The group fed TM25 showed a higher (P < 0.05) final weight, specific growth rate, weight gain %, protein efficiency ratio, and a lower feed conversion ratio compared to the other 2 groups. The estimated apparent digestibility coefficients of crude protein and ether extract of the diets were lower (P < 0.01) in TM50 than in the other 2 groups. No significant differences have been found between TM0 and Tenebrio molitor larvae meal groups in morphometric and commodity-related characteristics, except for dressed yield and viscerosomatic index (VSI), that resulted the lowest and the highest, respectively, in TM50. The skin colour resulted to be affected by dietary inclusion of insect meal, especially at 50% of inclusion. The general evaluation of the results demonstrates that Tenebrio molitor larvae meal can replace fish meal up to 25% of inclusion in the diet for Sparus aurata without negative effects on weight gain, crude protein and ether extract digestibility, marketable indexes after 163 days feeding. On the contrary, when Tenebrio molitor larvae meal was included at 50%, nutrient digestibility, dressed yield, VSI and skin colour were penalized.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Tenebrio molitor larvae meal on growth performance, in vivo nutrients digestibility, somatic and marketable indexes of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)

Piccolo

Iaconisi

Marono

et al. 2017

Animal Feed Science and Technology

175

134

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“…Chitin and chitosan possess very interesting biological properties ( Figure 2); therefore, they have been used in many applications, mainly in the medical and pharmaceutical fields [4,17,19,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. Not all biological activities have been observed with every chitin/chitosan preparation [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomedical Activity of Chitin/Chitosan Based Materials—Influence of Physicochemical Properties Apart from Molecular Weight and Degree of N-Acetylation

et al. 2011

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Abstract:The physicochemical nature of chitin and chitosan, which influences the biomedical activity of these compounds, is strongly related to the source of chitin and the conditions of the chitin/chitosan production process. Apart from widely described key factors such as weight-averaged molecular weight (M W ) and degree of N-acetylation (DA), other physicochemical parameters like polydispersity (M W /M N ), crystallinity or the pattern of acetylation (P A ) have to be taken into consideration. From the biological point of view, these parameters affect a very important factor-the solubility of chitin and chitosan in water and organic solvents. The physicochemical properties of chitosan solutions can be controlled by manipulating solution conditions (temperature, pH, ionic strength, concentration, solvent). The degree of substitution of the hydroxyl and the amino groups or the degree of quaternization of the amino groups also influence the mechanical and biological properties of chitosan samples. Finally, a considerable research effort has been directed towards developing safe and efficient chitin/chitosan-based products because many factors, like the size of nanoparticles, can determine the biomedical characteristics of medicinal products. The influence of these factors on the biomedical activity of chitin/chitosan-based products is presented in this report in more detail. OPEN ACCESSPolymers 2011, 3 1876

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“…Chitin, a poly-b(1,4) linear-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), is the second most abundant biopolymer on earth after cellulose (Khoushab and Yamabhai 2010). Chitin polymers are mostly present in the exoskeleton components of arthropods and in the cell walls of fungi (Herring 1979;Souza et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel halo-alkali-tolerant and thermo-tolerant chitinase from Pseudoalteromonas sp. DC14 isolated from the Caspian Sea

Makhdoumi

Dehghani-Joybari

Mashreghi

et al. 2015

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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A novel halo-alkali and thermo-tolerant chitinase was obtained from an isolated strain found in the Caspian Sea. The effects of media composition and various fermentation conditions for the optimization of chitinase production were studied one factor at a time and by response surface methodology. The novel strain, which is designated as strain DC14 and phylogenetically related to the genus Pseudoalteromonas, produced chitinase after 72 h under the following optimal conditions: glucose 1 % (w/v), ammonium sulphate 0.2 % (w/v), chitin 1.07 % (w/ v), pH 8, NaCl 10 % (w/v), inoculums size 2.5 % (v/v), temperature 30°C, CaCl 2 3 mM and MgCl 2 4 mM. Using the statistical optimization method, chitinase production was found to increase from 2.30 to 21.90 U/dl. The enzyme showed maximum activity at 40°C, pH 9 and 10 % NaCl. It was stable in a wide range of temperature from 15 to 65°C, pH from pH 7 to 11 and NaCl concentration from 0 to 15 % (w/v). The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated by SDS-PAGE to be about 65 kDa. With regard to the halo-alkali and thermo-stable properties of this enzyme, it has potential industrial activity.

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Chitin Research Revisited

Cited by 350 publications

References 213 publications

Effect of Tenebrio molitor larvae meal on growth performance, in vivo nutrients digestibility, somatic and marketable indexes of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)

Effect of Tenebrio molitor larvae meal on growth performance, in vivo nutrients digestibility, somatic and marketable indexes of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)

Biomedical Activity of Chitin/Chitosan Based Materials—Influence of Physicochemical Properties Apart from Molecular Weight and Degree of N-Acetylation

A novel halo-alkali-tolerant and thermo-tolerant chitinase from Pseudoalteromonas sp. DC14 isolated from the Caspian Sea

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