Chitin Nanopaper from Mushroom Extract: Natural Composite of Nanofibers and Glucan from a Single Biobased Source

Nawawi, Mohd; Lee, Koon‐Yang; Kontturi, Eero; Murphy, Richard J.; Bismarck, Alexander

doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b00721

Cited by 98 publications

(165 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…In general, the mechanical properties of NF films are influenced by chitin chemical composition (e.g., Mw, CI, DA) and nanofiber structure (length/width ratio), which in turn depends on the biopolymer source along with the isolation procedure, and the NF preparation methods [ 43 , 49 , 50 ]. Other properties that could affect the nanofibrillated chitin film mechanical properties are the porosity, protein content, thickness, preparation method, and NF orientation [ 51 , 52 , 53 ]. Finally, these NF were prepared at a laboratory scale under controlled conditions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Marine Waste to Obtain β-Chitin Nanofibers and Films from Giant Humboldt Squid Dosidicus gigas

et al. 2021

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β-chitin was isolated from marine waste, giant Humboldt squid Dosidicus gigas, and further converted to nanofibers by use of a collider machine under acidic conditions (pH 3). The FTIR, TGA, and NMR analysis confirmed the efficient extraction of β-chitin. The SEM, TEM, and XRD characterization results verified that β-chitin crystalline structure were maintained after mechanical treatment. The mean particle size of β-chitin nanofibers was in the range between 10 and 15 nm, according to the TEM analysis. In addition, the β-chitin nanofibers were converted into films by the simple solvent-casting and drying process at 60 °C. The obtained films had high lightness, which was evidenced by the CIELAB color test. Moreover, the films showed the medium swelling degree (250–290%) in aqueous solutions of different pH and good mechanical resistance in the range between 4 and 17 MPa, depending on film thickness. The results obtained in this work show that marine waste can be efficiently converted to biomaterial by use of mild extractive conditions and simple mechanical treatment, offering great potential for the future development of sustainable multifunctional materials for various industrial applications such as food packaging, agriculture, and/or wound dressing.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Marine Waste to Obtain β-Chitin Nanofibers and Films from Giant Humboldt Squid Dosidicus gigas

et al. 2021

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“…Fungal β-glucans, such as lentinan from L. edodes (shiitake), schizophyllan from S. commune (split gill), zymosan from S. cereviase (baker's yeast), pleuran from P. ostreatus (oyster), and ganoderan from G. lucidum (reishii), have also been extensively studied due to the human immune system's ability to recognize them, promoting immune stimulation, antibacterial, antitumor, anticancer, and antioxidant properties [92][93][94][95]. These findings, coupled with the varying chitin, chitosan, and polysaccharide profiles of the over 5.1 million species of fungi in existence [96] and recent advances in fungal material technology [7,14,17,[97][98][99][100][101], suggest that fungi-derived wound treatments warrant further investigation. In particular, the native chitin-β-glucan composite architecture of fungal chitin could be utilized to achieve scaffolds exceeding the mechanical performance of crustacean chitin [17] and novel antibacterial properties resulting from composite dressings incorporating naturally generated complexes of fungal chitin, chitosan, β-glucans, and exopolysaccharides could pave the way for new low-cost, natural, and mass-producible dressing technologies.…”

Section: Of 23mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These findings, coupled with the varying chitin, chitosan, and polysaccharide profiles of the over 5.1 million species of fungi in existence [96] and recent advances in fungal material technology [7,14,17,[97][98][99][100][101], suggest that fungi-derived wound treatments warrant further investigation. In particular, the native chitin-β-glucan composite architecture of fungal chitin could be utilized to achieve scaffolds exceeding the mechanical performance of crustacean chitin [17] and novel antibacterial properties resulting from composite dressings incorporating naturally generated complexes of fungal chitin, chitosan, β-glucans, and exopolysaccharides could pave the way for new low-cost, natural, and mass-producible dressing technologies.…”

Section: Of 23mentioning

confidence: 99%

Crab vs. Mushroom: A Review of Crustacean and Fungal Chitin in Wound Treatment

et al. 2020

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Chitin and its derivative chitosan are popular constituents in wound-treatment technologies due to their nanoscale fibrous morphology and attractive biomedical properties that accelerate healing and reduce scarring. These abundant natural polymers found in arthropod exoskeletons and fungal cell walls affect almost every phase of the healing process, acting as hemostatic and antibacterial agents that also support cell proliferation and attachment. However, key differences exist in the structure, properties, processing, and associated polymers of fungal and arthropod chitin, affecting their respective application to wound treatment. High purity crustacean-derived chitin and chitosan have been widely investigated for wound-treatment applications, with research incorporating chemically modified chitosan derivatives and advanced nanocomposite dressings utilizing biocompatible additives, such as natural polysaccharides, mineral clays, and metal nanoparticles used to achieve excellent mechanical and biomedical properties. Conversely, fungi-derived chitin is covalently decorated with -glucan and has received less research interest despite its mass production potential, simple extraction process, variations in chitin and associated polymer content, and the established healing properties of fungal exopolysaccharides. This review investigates the proven biomedical properties of both fungal- and crustacean-derived chitin and chitosan, their healing mechanisms, and their potential to advance modern wound-treatment methods through further research and practical application.

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“…The second is directed towards the biomedical and technological potential of chitin and its derivatives (e.g., chitosan) [14,15,16]. Traditionally chitin has been isolated on a large scale only from fungal biomass (e.g., from the mycelia of Aspergillus niger , Mucor rouxii , Agaricus bisporus ) [17,18,19,20,21] and exoskeletons of crustaceans, in the form of powders, whiskers, and flakes [22]. These forms remain excellent sources for the further production of chitosan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spider Chitin: An Ultrafast Microwave-Assisted Method for Chitin Isolation from Caribena versicolor Spider Molt Cuticle

et al. 2019

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Chitin, as a fundamental polysaccharide in invertebrate skeletons, continues to be actively investigated, especially with respect to new sources and the development of effective methods for its extraction. Recent attention has been focused on marine crustaceans and sponges; however, the potential of spiders (order Araneae) as an alternative source of tubular chitin has been overlooked. In this work, we focused our attention on chitin from up to 12 cm-large Theraphosidae spiders, popularly known as tarantulas or bird-eating spiders. These organisms “lose” large quantities of cuticles during their molting cycle. Here, we present for the first time a highly effective method for the isolation of chitin from Caribena versicolor spider molt cuticle, as well as its identification and characterization using modern analytical methods. We suggest that the tube-like molt cuticle of this spider can serve as a naturally prefabricated and renewable source of tubular chitin with high potential for application in technology and biomedicine.

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Chitin Nanopaper from Mushroom Extract: Natural Composite of Nanofibers and Glucan from a Single Biobased Source

Cited by 98 publications

References 28 publications

Utilization of Marine Waste to Obtain β-Chitin Nanofibers and Films from Giant Humboldt Squid Dosidicus gigas

Utilization of Marine Waste to Obtain β-Chitin Nanofibers and Films from Giant Humboldt Squid Dosidicus gigas

Crab vs. Mushroom: A Review of Crustacean and Fungal Chitin in Wound Treatment

Spider Chitin: An Ultrafast Microwave-Assisted Method for Chitin Isolation from Caribena versicolor Spider Molt Cuticle

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