Chiral pesticides as tracers of air–surface exchange

Bidleman, Terry F.; Jantunen, Liisa M.; Harner, Tom; Wiberg, Karin; Wideman, Janine L.; Brice, Kenneth A.; Su, Ky; Falconer, Renee L.; Aigner, Elizabeth J.; Leone, A.D; Ridal, Jeffrey J.; Kerman, Bryan R.; Finizio, Antonio; Alegria, Henry A.; Parkhurst, William J.; Szeto, Sunny Y.

doi:10.1016/s0269-7491(98)00062-1

Cited by 60 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…As well as helping elucidate the relative influence on human body burdens of direct exposure to PFOS compared to indirect exposure via metabolism of its precursors; studies of chiral organochlorine compounds indicate wider insights may also be possible (Lehmler et al, 2010). For example, measurement of the chiral signatures of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides in relevant environmental matrices has enhanced understanding of issues such as: the relative contribution of primary versus secondary sources to outdoor air (Bidleman et al, 1998;Robson and Harrad, 2004), and the role of volatilisation from soil as a source of PCBs to grass (Desborough and Harrad, 2011). Moreover, tracking chiral signatures of PFOS and its precursors could lead to better understanding of toxicological effects on the human body, as enantioselective toxicity may exist (Loveless et al, 2006).…”

Section: Authorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perfluorooctane sulfonate: A review of human exposure, biomonitoring and the environmental forensics utility of its chirality and isomer distribution

Miralles-Marco

Harrad

2015

Environment International

124

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Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) found extensive use for over 60 years up until its restriction in the early 2000s, culminating in its listing under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in 2009. Efforts to minimise human body burdens are hindered by uncertainty over their precise origins. While diet appears the principal source for the majority of western populations (with other pathways like dust ingestion, drinking water and inhalation also important contributors); the role played by exposure to PFOS-precursor compounds followed by in vivo metabolism to PFOS as the ultimate highly stable end-product is unclear. Such PFOS-precursor compounds include perfluorooctane sulfonamide derivates, e.g., perfluorooctane sulfonamides (FOSAs) and sulfonamidoethanols (FOSEs). Understanding the indirect contribution of such precursors to human body burdens of PFOS is important as a significant contribution from this pathway would render the margin of safety between the current exposure limits and estimates of external exposure to PFOS alone, narrower than hitherto appreciated. Estimates derived from mathematical modelling studies, put the contribution of so-called "precursor exposure" at between 10% and 40% of total PFOS body burdens. However, there are substantial uncertainties associated with such approaches. This paper reviews current understanding of human exposure to PFOS, with particular reference to recent research highlighting the potential of environmental forensics approaches based on the relative abundance and chiral signatures of branched chain PFOS isomers to provide definitive insights into the role played by "precursor exposure".

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Section: Authorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perfluorooctane sulfonate: A review of human exposure, biomonitoring and the environmental forensics utility of its chirality and isomer distribution

Miralles-Marco

Harrad

2015

Environment International

124

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“…In 1994, enrichment of (þ)-a-HCH was observed in surface waters of the Bering and Chukchi Seas, while (À)-a-HCH was enriched in the Canada Basin and the Greenland Sea [117][118][119][120][121]. However, by 2003 the Bering and Chukchi Seas were also enriched in (À)-a-HCH, as was the north Pacific Ocean [122] (Figure 4.8).…”

Section: Natural Watersmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Little influence of urban sources is expected at rural and agricultural sites [308]. Extracts from the Midwestern soils with nonracemic heptachlor epoxide [143] were mixed in varying proportions with a racemic standard to evaluate Equation (4.7) [303], from which Equation (4.8) was based [107], and to show that prior mathematical expressions for source apportionment were flawed [118,120,128]. Significant correlations between soil and overlying air EFs of o,p 0 -DDT in farms from Alabama, Louisiana, and Texas suggested volatilization as the source of DDT to the air at those locales, an observation supported by calculated fugacity fractions indicating net volatilization [169].…”

Section: Air-terrestrial Surface Exchangementioning

confidence: 99%

Chirality as an Environmental Forensics Tool

Wong

Warner

2009

Persistent Organic Pollutants

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“…It is often difficult to distinguish between the proportion of these chemicals that are transported atmospherically from agricultural regions versus those released within urban areas (Gingrich et al, 2001). DDT was commonly used as a general agricultural pesticide and for controlling bat populations and pests in urban areas (Bidleman et al, 1998;Gouin et al, 2007). .…”

Section: Urban Emission Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%