Chinese Herbal Medicine, Shengmai San, Is Effective for Improving Circulatory Shock and Oxidative Damage in the Brain During Heatstroke

Wang, Ning Lu; Liou, Yann Lin; Lin, Mao Tsun; Lin, Chia Li; Chang, Cheng

doi:10.1254/jphs.fp0040793

Cited by 46 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In addition, SMS effectively suppressed the ischemia-reperfusion injury during middle cerebral artery ligation (10) as well as the cerebral ischemia and damage during heat stroke (11) by reducing brain oxidative stress. However, it is not known whether prior administration of SMS is able to attenuate inflammatory cytokines and NO formation that occurred during heat stroke.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shengmai San, a Chinese Herbal Medicine Protects Against Rat Heat Stroke by Reducing Inflammatory Cytokines and Nitric Oxide Formation

Wang¹,

Chang²,

Liou³

et al. 2005

J Pharmacol Sci

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Abstract. The aim of the present study was to ascertain whether the possible occurrence of overproduction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-dependent nitric oxide (NO) in the brain and inflammatory cytokines in the peripheral blood exhibited during heat stroke can be reduced by prior administration of Shengmai San, a Chinese herbal medicine. Aminoguanidine, an iNOS inhibitor, was evaluated at the same time as a reference (positive control). Urethaneanesthetized rats were exposed to heat stress (ambient temperature of 43°C) to induce heat stroke. Control rats were exposed to 24°C. Mean arterial pressure and cerebral blood flow after the onset of heat stroke were all significantly lower than in control rats. However, cerebral iNOS immunoreactivity and NO levels were all greater after the onset of heat stroke. The serum levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α were all increased after the onset of heat stroke. Shengmai San (1.2 g / ml per rat) or aminoguanidine (30 µmol / ml per rat) was administered orally, daily, and consecutively for 7 days before the initiation of heat stress; and this significantly attenuated the heat stress-induced arterial hypotension, cerebral ischemia, and increased levels of brain iNOS-dependent NO production and serum cytokines formation. Shengmai San shared with the aminoguanidine almost the same efficacy in reducing iNOSdependent NO and cytokines overproduction during heat stroke. These results suggest that Shengmai San or aminoguanidine protects against heat stroke-induced arterial hypotension and cerebral ischemia by inhibition of iNOS-dependent NO overproduction in the brain and excessive accumulation of several inflammatory cytokines in the peripheral blood stream.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shengmai San, a Chinese Herbal Medicine Protects Against Rat Heat Stroke by Reducing Inflammatory Cytokines and Nitric Oxide Formation

Wang¹,

Chang²,

Liou³

et al. 2005

J Pharmacol Sci

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“…It was shown that α-tocopherol treatment improved neurite outgrowth of cultured retinal ganglion cells (35). Having noted that the protective effects of SMS on oxidative damages in different kind of cells or tissues might be shared mechanistically with those of α-tocopherol, several studies reported similar protection by α-tocopherol (14,16,36,37). Our data showed that neurite outgrowth of DRG sensory neurons was enhanced to a similar level by treatment of either SMS or α-tocopherol in comparison to the untreated control, which implicates physiological significance of the antioxidant activity of SMS for axonal regeneration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Shengmai-san–Mediated Enhancement of Regenerative Responses of Spinal Cord Axons After Injury in Rats

et al. 2009

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Abstract. Shengmai-san (SMS) is a traditional Chinese medicine used to treat diverse symptoms including cardiovascular and neurological disorders. Here we investigated the effects of SMS on regenerative responses of spinal cord axons in rats that were given contusion injury at the lower thoracic level. The injury cavity was confined to a restricted area by SMS treatment, and the signals of glial scar protein chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (CSPG) and inflammatory cell marker protein CD11β were heavily observed within the injury cavity in SMS-treated animals. Anterograde tracing of DiI-labeled corticospinal tract (CST) axons revealed increases in collateral arborization around and within the injury cavity and caudal elongation by SMS treatment. Furthermore, SMS treatment facilitated neurite elongation of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons that were co-cultured with non-neuronal cells prepared from injured spinal cord. Phospho-Erk1/2 was strongly induced in both spinal cord and motor cortical areas after spinal cord injury (SCI), and it was further unregulated in the motor cortex by SMS treatment. In contrast, upregulation of cell division cycle 2 (Cdc2) production by SMS treatment was limited to a local, SCI area. These data suggest that SMS may play an active role in regenerative responses and facilitate axonal regrowth after SCI.

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“…In this sense, traditional medicine formula used for disease prevention is an interesting target of study because their basic function is to modulate the physiological resistance against exogenous stimuli including oxidative stress through manipulating cellular processes (15). Recent reports demonstrated that Shengmai-san (SMS), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, significantly prevented the oxidative damage in heart, brain, and other tissues (4,16). We also showed that SMS had high antioxidant potential to prevent cerebral oxidative damages induced by ischemia-reperfusion treatment in experimental animals (17).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shengmai-san Enhances Antioxidant Potential in C2C12 Myoblasts Through the Induction of Intracellular Glutathione Peroxidase

2007

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Abstract. Cellular and tissue injury associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been reported in many kinds of disorders. While the antioxidant enzymes play critical roles in inhibiting the ROS-mediated injury, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) is scavenging hydroperoxides including H 2 O 2 . We previously reported that Shengmai-san (SMS), a traditional Chinese medicine, prevented ischemia / reperfusion injury of the brain and other organs in rats. To clarify the effect of SMS on intracellular responses of muscle cells against oxidative stress, C2C12 myoblasts were subjected to H 2 O 2 abuse. SMS pre-incubation prevented the decreasing cell viability after H 2 O 2 treatment. The accumulations of cellular protein carbonyl associated with apoptotic cell death were also inhibited by the SMS pre-incubation prior to oxidative damage induction. At the same time, enhanced activity, protein, and mRNA expression levels of GPx were observed in cells pre-incubated with SMS prior to H 2 O 2 abuse. Moreover, intracellular GSH was subsequently decreased after H 2 O 2 treatment. These findings suggest that SMS improved the antioxidant capacity against acute oxidative stress through the constitutive enhancement of GPx expression in C2C12 myoblasts. Because of its antioxidative property, SMS might be useful not only for the oxidative damage associated diseases but also for the transplantation of myoblasts into muscular dystrophy patients.

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Chinese Herbal Medicine, Shengmai San, Is Effective for Improving Circulatory Shock and Oxidative Damage in the Brain During Heatstroke

Cited by 46 publications

References 27 publications

Shengmai San, a Chinese Herbal Medicine Protects Against Rat Heat Stroke by Reducing Inflammatory Cytokines and Nitric Oxide Formation

Shengmai San, a Chinese Herbal Medicine Protects Against Rat Heat Stroke by Reducing Inflammatory Cytokines and Nitric Oxide Formation

Shengmai-san–Mediated Enhancement of Regenerative Responses of Spinal Cord Axons After Injury in Rats

Shengmai-san Enhances Antioxidant Potential in C2C12 Myoblasts Through the Induction of Intracellular Glutathione Peroxidase

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