Shengmai-san–Mediated Enhancement of Regenerative Responses of Spinal Cord Axons After Injury in Rats

Seo, Tae Beom; Baek, Kyung-min; Kwon, Ku-Birm; Lee, Sang‐Ik; Lim, Jong-Soon; Seol, In Chan; Kim, Yoon Sik; Seo, Young-Bae; Namgung, Uk

doi:10.1254/jphs.09044fp

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…In China, it has long been used for the treatment of Qi and Yin deficiency, and especially used to treat diverse symptoms including cardiovascular and neurological disorders in modern times [1,2]. Previous experimental data have illustrated the efficiency of SMS in different ways [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid and global detection and characterization of the constituents in ShengMai San by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–high‐definition mass spectrometry

Sun

Wei

et al. 2011

J of Separation Science

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An ultra-performance liquid chromatography-high definition mass spectrometry (UPLC-HDMS) method was developed for detection and characterization of the chemical constituents in ShengMai San (SMS), a traditional Chinese medical formula (TCMF). The full-scan LC-MS/MS data sets combined with extra mass were acquired within 14 min using UPLC-HDMS in the MS(E) mode in a single injection. As a result, 92 compounds were identified by comparing the accurate mass and fragments information with that of the authentic standards as well as by MS analysis and the correlative references data. These constituents included ginsenosides, lignans, steroidal saponins and homoisoflavanones. Among them, 25-hydroxyginsenosides were discovered in SMS for the first time. Compare with the previous studies, our research detected more compounds and presented more rapid by applying UPLC-HDMS. It is concluded that a rapid and effective method has been established based on UPLC-HDMS with the utilization of MS(E) , which shows high sensitivity and resolution that is suitable for identifying the constituents of SMS, and this method could be applied to other TCMF.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid and global detection and characterization of the constituents in ShengMai San by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–high‐definition mass spectrometry

Sun

Wei

et al. 2011

J of Separation Science

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“…11,12,14,35) We further investigated how ginsenoside Rg1 improved the efficacy of OECs, which were used in the treatment of SCI. An increased frequency of NSE appearance decreased with neuronal injury.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ginsenoside Rg1 Promotes the Migration of Olfactory Ensheathing Cells <i>via</i> the PI3K/Akt Pathway to Repair Rat Spinal Cord Injury

Tang

Guo

et al. 2017

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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The aim of this study was to determine the effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on the migration of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) in vitro, and its influence on the therapeutic efficacy of OECs transplanted in vivo for the treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI). Primary cultured and purified OECs (prepared from rats) were treated with ginsenoside Rg1. The wound healing test indicated that ginsenoside Rg1 promoted the migration of OECs. Real-time RT-PCR demonstrated that ginsenoside Rg1 upregulated the expression of migration-related factors of OECs, including matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, and neural cell adhesion molecule 1 (NCAM1). Moreover, Western blot analysis indicated that ginsenoside Rg1 significantly promoted the migration of OECs via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway. An SCI rat model was induced in vivo using a revised Allen's method. The Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scores and histological analysis demonstrated that OECs, which were treated with ginsenoside Rg1, exhibited significant improvement in SCI compared with both the control group and the OEC group. Thus, ginsenoside Rg1 may represent a novel treatment target for SCI.

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“…In the tide of the modernization of Chinese medicine, combined application of TCM can achieve a synergistic interaction capable of yielding more distinct effect at lower doses than that produced by single Chinese herbal medicine [33]. Shengmai-san has protective effects against oxidative damages in the cells or tissues of the cardiovascular and nervous systems, and play an important role on treatment of symptoms related to cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure, stroke, shock, etc [34]. Schisandra Chinensis in Shengmai-san formulae, a strong P-gp inhibitor, was used as an adjuvant drug to improve the pharmacological activity of monarch drug ( Panax Ginseng ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetic Compatibility of Ginsenosides and Schisandra Lignans in Shengmai-san: From the Perspective of P-Glycoprotein

et al. 2014

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BackgroundPhytochemical-mediated alterations in P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity may result in herb-drug interactions by altering drug pharmacokinetics. Shengmai-san, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine composed by Panax Ginseng, Ophiopogon Japonicus, and Schisandra Chinensis, is routinely being used for treating various coronary heart diseases. In our previous studies, Schisandra Lignans Extract (SLE) was proved as a strong P-gp inhibitor, and herein, the compatibility of Shengmai-san was studied by investigating the influence of SLE on the pharmacokinetics of the ginsenosides from the perspective of P-gp.MethodologyPharmacokinetic experiments were firstly performed based on in vitro uptake, efflux and transport experiments in Caco-2, LLC-PK1 wild-type and MDR1-overexpressing L-MDR1 cells. During the whole experiment, digoxin, a classical P-gp substrate, was used as a positive control drug to verify the cells used are the valid models. Meanwhile, the effects of SLE on the pharmacokinetics of ginsenosides were further investigated in rats after single-dose and multi-dose of SLE.Results and ConclusionsThe efflux ratios of ginsenoside Rb2, Rc, Rg2, Rg3, Rd and Rb1 were found more than 3.5 in L-MDR1 cells and can be decreased significantly by verapamil (a classical P-gp inhibitor). Contrarily, the efflux ratios of other ginsenosides (Rh1, F1, Re, and Rg1) were lower than 2.0 and not affected by verapamil. Then, the effects of SLE on the uptake and transport of ginsenosides were investigated, and SLE was found can significantly enhance the uptake and inhibit the efflux ratio of ginsenoside Rb2, Rc, Rg2, Rg3, Rd and Rb1 in Caco-2 and L-MDR1 cells. Besides, In vivo experiments showed that single-dose and multi-dose of SLE at 500 mg/kg could increase the area under the plasma concentration time curve of Rb2, Rc and Rd significantly without affecting terminal elimination half-time. In conclusion, SLE could enhance the exposure of ginsenosides Rb2, Rc, Rg2, Rg3, Rd and Rb1 significantly.

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Shengmai-san–Mediated Enhancement of Regenerative Responses of Spinal Cord Axons After Injury in Rats

Cited by 15 publications

References 47 publications

Rapid and global detection and characterization of the constituents in ShengMai San by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–high‐definition mass spectrometry

Rapid and global detection and characterization of the constituents in ShengMai San by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–high‐definition mass spectrometry

Ginsenoside Rg1 Promotes the Migration of Olfactory Ensheathing Cells <i>via</i> the PI3K/Akt Pathway to Repair Rat Spinal Cord Injury

Pharmacokinetic Compatibility of Ginsenosides and Schisandra Lignans in Shengmai-san: From the Perspective of P-Glycoprotein

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