China’s oil security from the supply chain perspective: A review

Zhao, Chunfu; Chen, Bin

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.09.016

Cited by 50 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 68 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“…Also, Petroleum products prices, $/barrel China's petroleum industry is facing a variety of risks from the supply chain perspective. These risks are defined as potentially negative impacts arising from an adverse situation such as oil disruption (Zhao and Chen 2014). Primary risks are mainly related to energy and financial flows, such as oil supply risk, geopolitical risk, oil price volatility and exchange rate volatility (Shao et al 2017).…”

Section: High External Dependencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the release of crude oil imports, a dynamic game-theoretic model was established to seek the optimal oil import/export quotas for non-state-owned refineries (Chen et al 2017). Moreover, the potential for energy saving of China's petroleum industry has been estimated from a technical perspective (Liu et al 2013), while the risks of China's oil security and corresponding mitigation measures have been analyzed from the perspective of the supply chain (Zhao and Chen 2014;Sun et al 2017a, b;Xie et al 2017). However, few studies have comprehensively summarized the emerging challenges and prospects faced by China's petroleum market.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review on the petroleum market in China: history, challenges and prospects

et al. 2020

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The petroleum industry plays an essential role in driving China's economic development. In the past few decades, several reforms in the petroleum industry have been implemented; however, there are still some issues that have not been resolved. Moreover, with the new-normal economy, the transition to green energy and international trade disputes, the petroleum market is also facing emerging challenges. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to review the historical development of China's petroleum market, identify the current challenges and propose corresponding countermeasures for future prospects. As a conclusion, five main challenges are highlighted totally, namely lack of marketization, excess oil refining capacity, high external dependency, environment pollution and unstable international trading relationship. To address these challenges, it is encouraged to deepen petroleum market reform, accelerate the elimination of inefficient refining capacity, diversify oil supply sources, as well as improve domestic petroleum enterprises' ability to resist price risks.

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Section: High External Dependencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on the petroleum market in China: history, challenges and prospects

et al. 2020

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“…pollution [4]- [6]. According to the data from the National Energy Administration of China [7], as shown in FIGURE 1 (a), the total amount of crude oil reserves is 3.773×10 7 t by the end of 2017, about 29 days of the annual consumption, far less than the 90 days proposed by the International Energy Agency (IEA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tightness Analysis of Underground Natural Gas and Oil Storage Caverns With Limit Pillar Widths in Bedded Rock Salt

et al. 2020

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To fully utilize the abandoned salt cavern resources and to increase the total amount of the fossil energy reserve of China, reconstructing some of these salt caverns for underground gas storage (UGS) or strategic petroleum reserve (SPR) would be an effective method. The salt resources in China mainly are bedded salt, which brings great challenges for the cavern construction and safety evaluation. In this paper, the investigations are presented to evaluate the tightness of the UGS and SPR salt cavern facilities, located in the bedded rock of Jintan, China. Microcosmic analysis, and permeability and porosity tests of the surrounding rock are carried out to determine their properties, which provide the basic data for the tightness assessment. A 3-D numerical model is developed based on the test results and the geological features of the target formation. The numerical simulation results show that the seepage velocity, seepage range and loss rate of leakage of the SPR salt caverns are much smaller than those of UGS salt caverns. The cavern's pillar width with a pillar to diameter ratio (P/D) of 1.5 can satisfy the tightness requirement of SPR salt caverns, but it cannot meet the requirement of UGS caverns. This indicates that some existing abandoned salt caverns in Jintan which are unsuitable for UGS due to their small pillar width have the potential to be rebuilt for SPR. This would help to increase the storage capacity of crude oil in China. The results can also provide a reference for the implementation of similar projects in other bedded salt districts. INDEX TERMS Bedded rock salt, underground gas storage, strategic petroleum reserve, tightness, seepage.

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“…With the rapid economic development, China has become the second‐largest oil consumer in the world accounting for the consumption of around 12,799 thousand barrels of oil per day . The major concern in the energy sector of China is the supply of oil and China consumes 90% of the oil for petroleum‐based production . China's dependence on petroleum and its related products will maintain a stable increasing trend in the near future .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable refined products supply chain: A reliability assessment for demand‐side management in primary distribution processes

Wang

Qiu

Yuan

et al. 2019

Energy Science & Engineering

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The reliable operation of the primary distribution of refined products supply chains is crucial in guaranteeing the demand for retail markets. The uncertainties such as demand, production, and inventory will affect the supply chain operation. However, there lacks literature that studies the reliability of demand‐side management of refined products supply chains. This reliability assessment can help define the weak points and boost the performance of the supply chain. And it can help decision‐makers to improve the satisfaction of retail markets. In this paper, a systematic method for comprehensively assessing the reliability of refined products supply chains is proposed. At first, a mathematical programming model is developed to get the distribution plan of refined products. Then, several scenarios such as increasing demand, decreasing production, refineries disruption, and pipeline interruption relevant to the real situations of refined products supply chains are defined. Besides, indices including satisfaction rate, number of dissatisfied retail markets, refined products shortage, shortage of a single retail market, and average shortage duration are proposed to evaluate the reliability of the demand‐side management in primary distribution processes. At last, the Monte Carlo simulation is adopted for a comprehensive analysis combining all the scenarios. This analysis shows a clear picture of the influence of uncertainties. This method is applied to assess the reliability of demand‐side management of a real refined products supply chain. After analyzing different scenarios, the average probability of dissatisfaction under the reference scenario came as 1.93 × 10−4/day that means one day in around 14.2 years could have refined products shortage. This method can also help decision‐makers to assess other primary distribution of refined products supply chains.

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China’s oil security from the supply chain perspective: A review

Cited by 50 publications

References 68 publications

Review on the petroleum market in China: history, challenges and prospects

Review on the petroleum market in China: history, challenges and prospects

Tightness Analysis of Underground Natural Gas and Oil Storage Caverns With Limit Pillar Widths in Bedded Rock Salt

Sustainable refined products supply chain: A reliability assessment for demand‐side management in primary distribution processes

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