Chilling Damage to Photosynthesis in Young Zea mays

Long, Stephen P.; East, T. M.; Baker, N. R.

doi:10.1093/jxb/34.2.177

Cited by 156 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Similar losses in both 4tapp and light-saturated rates of CO2 exchange, related to photoinhibitory damage to PSII, occur in chilling-sensitive plants following short-term exposure to low temperatures and high light (3,18,28). However, in contrast with earlier work on chilling sensitive plants, the spring wheat Glenlea showed no significant reduction in photochemical efficiency of PSII after cold-hardening, measured as either a reduction in Fv/Fm or as a reduction in 4'app for 02 evolution.…”

Section: Effect Of Growth Temperature On Room Temperature Fluorescencmentioning

confidence: 88%

Low Growth Temperature Effects a Differential Inhibition of Photosynthesis in Spring and Winter Wheat

Hurry

Hüner²

1991

Plant Physiol.

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In vivo room temperature chlorophyll a fluorescence coupled with CO2 and 02 exchange was measured to determine photosynthetic limitation(s) for spring and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown at cold-hardening temperatures (50C/50C, day/night).Plants of comparable physiological stage, but grown at nonhardening temperatures (20°C/160C, day/night) were used in comparison. Winter wheat cultivars grown at 50C had light-saturated rates of CO2 exchange and apparent photon yields for CO2 exchange and 02 evolution that were equal to or greater than those of winter cultivars grown at 200C. In contrast, spring wheat cultivars grown at 50C showed 35% lower apparent photon yields for CO2 exchange and 25% lower light-saturated rates of CO2 exchange compared to 200C grown controls. The lower CO2 exchange capacity is not associated with a lower efficiency of photosystem 11 activity measured as either the apparent photon yield for 02 evolution, the ratio of variable to maximal fluorescence, or the level of reduced primary quinone electron acceptor maintained at steady-state photosynthesis, and is most likely associated with carbon metabolism. The lower CO2 exchange capacity of the spring cultivars developed following long-term exposure to low temperature and did not occur following overnight exposure of nonhardened plants to 50C. Attainment of maximum freezing resistance by cold-tolerant cereals such as winter rye and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is dependent upon growth and development during prolonged exposure of seedlings to low, nonfreezing temperatures (0-5°C) prior to onset of freezing conditions. Growth and development at low temperature are therefore prerequisites for the expression of freezing resistance in these cold-tolerant cereals (8,14,17). Because photosynthesis provides the energy for this growth and development, we are interested in understanding the mechanisms by which overwintering cereals maintain optimal photosynthetic capacity at low, cold-hardening growth temperatures.The most extensive work on the effects of prolonged exposure to low, nonfreezing (0-5°C) as well as freezing temperatures on photosynthesis in cold-tolerant plants has been carried out in conifers (21,22,24 photoinhibition at low temperatures (23) similar to that observed for spinach (32), and are able to maintain light-and C02-saturated rates of photosynthesis equivalent to or higher than plants grown at 20°C (12). To exhibit these characteristics, winter rye must develop at low temperatures. Mature leaves developed at 20°C and subsequently exposed to low temperatures for up to 25 d do not exhibit these photosynthetic traits (23). Similarly, Lolium temulentum (27) and dicotyledonous winter annuals (4, 29) have equivalent rates of CO2 exchange under cold-hardening and nonhardening conditions. In contrast, when pines are exposed to coldhardening conditions they become photosynthetically inhibited (21, 24).Much of our present knowledge of cold acclimation and freezing tolerance has been gained through comparative studies...

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Section: Effect Of Growth Temperature On Room Temperature Fluorescencmentioning

confidence: 88%

Low Growth Temperature Effects a Differential Inhibition of Photosynthesis in Spring and Winter Wheat

Hurry

Hüner²

1991

Plant Physiol.

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“…The reasons for observed differences in ATbetween both inbreds are not clear and need further studies, since the intermediate movement between the mesophyll and bundle sheaths in leaf is of special importance in C4 plants (Furbank and Foyer, 1988). Transfer of carbon between C4 and C3 intermediates was postulated (Long et al, 1983) to be disturbed in maize, a C4 plant at low temperature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relations between carbohydrate accumulation in leaves, sucrose phosphate synthase activity and photoassimilate transport in chilling treated maize seedlings

et al. 1999

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Sucrose and starch concentration, sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activity in leaves, and long distance transport were studied in maize seedlings treated with moderate chilling (14 °C/12 °C -day/night).Two inbred lines were tested: chilling-tolerant KW1074 and chilling-sensitive CM109. Seedlings were grown in phytotrone on water nutrient tmtil the 4-th leaf appearance. The estimations were done on fully developed 2-nd leaf.Six days after the temperature was lowered, leaves of line KW 1074 plants contained 5-fold more sucrose and starch than the control ones. The same treatment of CM 109 seedlings resulted in accumulation of sucrose and starch by 2-fold and 8.5-fold, respectively.As the result of chilling-treatment, 14C assimilation rate (Pa), transport speed in the leaf blade (TS1) and along the plant (TSm) decreased by about 50 % in both lines. On the other hand, time necessary for radiolabel movement into the phloem loading region (AT) increased strongly, especially in chilling-sensitive line CM 109. It was also noted, that the radioactivity exported from leaves (RI) and imported by roots (Rm) decreased in line CM 109, and increased slightly in line KW 1074.The activity of SPS extracted from leaves of both lines decreased by about 3.3 when temperature was lowered form 30°C to 10°C. There was no effect of 6 day treatment of chilling on SPS activity.Changes in sucrose and starch concentration, SPS activity as well as differences in transport parameters observed in KW1074 and CM109 seedlings at moderate low temperatures are discussed in terms of mechanism of maize chillingsensitivity.List of abbreviations: Pa-14CO2 assimilation rate;AT -time of radioactivity appearance in the loading region; R 1 -radioactivity of leaves near the feeding area, Rm -radioactivity of mesocotyl; TSI -speed of translocation in the leaf blade; TS m -speed of translocation between leaf and mesocotyl, PCMBS p-chloromercuribenzen esulphonic acid, SPS -sucrose phosphate synthase

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“…In nature, light differs from all other major climate variables in the size and speed of its variation. Functionally, the consequences of photoinhibition of photosynthesis are a reduction in the maximum quantum yields for C02 uptake ( <I» and 02 evolution (<1>0) (112), a decrease in the convexity (8) of the photosynthetic light response curve (75), and, with prolonged exposure to excessive light, a decreased rate of light saturated photosynthesis (Asat) (80,113,121). Superimposed Where high frequency variation or inability to adapt to prevailing light condi lions produces excessive excitation of the photosynthetic apparatus, photoin hibition may result (103).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%