Photoinhibition of Photosynthesis in Nature

Long, Stephen P.; Humphries, S. W.; Falkowski, Paul G.

doi:10.1146/annurev.pp.45.060194.003221

Cited by 1,385 publications

(640 citation statements)

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“…[23] It has been reported that even at light fluxes lower than 10% of direct sunlight, the outermost chloroplasts of a leaf are photoinhibited and actively dissipate some of the light energy into non-photosynthetic pathways. [24] Thus under normal illumination conditions the carbon fixation rate in the upper mesophyll is only slightly higher than in the lower mesophyll, even though it absorbs 3-5 times more irradiation. [16,[25][26][27] The mineral light scatterers contribute to the exploitation of light by taking some of the light that would have been absorbed by the photoinhibited, upper mesophyll and scattering it into the lower mesophyll.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Certain Biominerals in Leaves Function as Light Scatterers

et al. 2012

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Cystoliths are amorphous calcium carbonate bodies that form in the leaves of some plant families. Cystoliths are regularly distributed in the epidermis and protrude into the photosynthetic tissue, the mesophyll. The photosynthetic pigments generate a steep light gradient in the leaf. Under most illumination regimes the outer mesophyll is light saturated, thus the photosynthetic apparatus is kinetically unable to use the excess light for photochemistry. Here we use micro‐scale modulated fluorometry to demonstrate that light scattered by the cystoliths is distributed from the photosynthetically inefficient upper tissue to the efficient, but light deprived, lower tissue. The results prove that the presence of light scatterers reduces the steep light gradient, thus enabling the leaf to use the incoming light flux more efficiently. MicroCT and electron microscopy confirm that the spatial distribution of the minerals is compatible with their optical function. During the study we encountered large calcium oxalate druses in the same anatomical location as the cystoliths. These druses proved to have similar light scattering functions as the cystoliths. This study shows that certain minerals in the leaves of different plants distribute the light flux more evenly inside the leaf.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Certain Biominerals in Leaves Function as Light Scatterers

et al. 2012

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“…Other stress environment may also influence leaf chlorophyll content. For instance, water deficit reduced leaf chlorophyll content of fieldgrown soybean (Paknejad et al, 2009) chlorophyll degradation as a consequence of drought stress may result in photo-inhibition and photo-bleaching (Long et al, 1994). Silva et al (2007) found that drought caused a decline in sugarcane leaf chlorophyll level, but this reduction varied among genotypes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sugarcane Response to Water-Deficit Stress during Early Growth on Organic and Sand Soils

Zhao¹,

Glaz²,

Comstock³

2010

American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences

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Problem statement: Approximately 20% of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is grown on sand soils in south Florida, USA. Sugarcane yields in the region linearly increased in last 33 years on organic (muck) soils, but not on sand soils. Water deficit during the formative growth phase on sand soils probably limits sugarcane yields. Approach: A greenhouse study was conducted in 2009 and 2010 to evaluate the physiological and growth responses of sugarcane to water-deficit stress during formative growth. Treatments included organic (muck) and sand soils and two water regimes Well Watered (WW) and Water-Deficit Stress (WS). Sugarcane cultivar CP 80-1743 was planted in pots and fertilized with N, P and K based on soil analyses. All pots were well watered until 58 days after planting, when water was withheld from the WS pots. During the WS treatment, plant growth rate, leaf Relative Water Content (RWC), proline content and photosynthesis components were measured. Final tillers, Green Leaf Area (GLA) and shoot biomass were determined 27 (in 2009) or 22 (in 2010) days after initiating the WS treatment. Results: Stress symptoms of sugarcane plants appeared 7-10 days earlier on sand soil than on muck soil. Water stress reduced stomatal conductance (gs), Photosystem II Photochemical Efficiency (ΦPSII), leaf Photosynthesis rate (Pn), the number of tillers and GLA, resulting in reduced shoot biomass, especially on sand soil. Neither leaf RWC nor proline content was a sensitive WS indicator. Conclusion: Nondestructive measurements of physiological traits of gs, ΦPSII and Pn during the formative stage may be useful for early detection of water stress in sugarcane.

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“…Plants can also adapt over timescales of days to changes in photoperiod and other light conditions (Bauerle et al, 2012). On the other hand, certain Sphagnum moss species face photoinhibition or light stress (Murray et al, 1993), in part as a response to low tissue nitrogen levels weakening photosystem II's adaptive capacity (Henley et al, 1991;Long et al, 1994). This reaction was explored in a laboratory study exposing mosses to light treatments with photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) set to 800, 340, and 150 µmol m −2 s −1 ; only the treatment at 800 µmol m −2 s −1 faced signs of light-induced inhibition of photosynthesis (Murray et al, 1993).…”

Section: B R K Runkle Et Al: Partitioning Tundra Nee Fluxesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bulk partitioning the growing season net ecosystem exchange of CO<sub>2</sub> in Siberian tundra reveals the seasonality of its carbon sequestration strength

et al. 2013

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Abstract. This paper evaluates the relative contribution of light and temperature on net ecosystem CO2 uptake during the 2006 growing season in a polygonal tundra ecosystem in the Lena River Delta in Northern Siberia (72°22´ N, 126°30´ E). The occurrence and frequency of warm periods may be an important determinant of the magnitude of the ecosystem's carbon sink function, as they drive temperature-induced changes in respiration. Hot spells during the early portion of the growing season, when the photosynthetic apparatus of vascular plants is not fully developed, are shown to be more influential in creating positive mid-day surface-to-atmosphere net ecosystem CO2 exchange fluxes than those occurring later in the season. In this work we also develop and present a multi-step bulk flux partition model to better account for tundra plant physiology and the specific light conditions of the arctic region. These conditions preclude the successful use of traditional partition methods that derive a respiration–temperature relationship from all nighttime data or from other bulk approaches that are insensitive to temperature or light stress. Nighttime growing season measurements are rare during the arctic summer, however, so the new method allows for temporal variation in the parameters describing both ecosystem respiration and gross uptake by fitting both processes at the same time. Much of the apparent temperature sensitivity of respiration seen in the traditional partition method is revealed in the new method to reflect seasonal changes in basal respiration rates. Understanding and quantifying the flux partition is an essential precursor to describing links between assimilation and respiration at different timescales, as it allows a more confident evaluation of measured net exchange over a broader range of environmental conditions. The growing season CO2 sink estimated by this study is similar to those reported previously for this site, and is substantial enough to withstand the long, low-level respiratory CO2 release during the rest of the year to maintain the site's CO2 sink function on an annual basis.

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Photoinhibition of Photosynthesis in Nature

Cited by 1,385 publications

References 116 publications

Certain Biominerals in Leaves Function as Light Scatterers

Certain Biominerals in Leaves Function as Light Scatterers

Sugarcane Response to Water-Deficit Stress during Early Growth on Organic and Sand Soils

Bulk partitioning the growing season net ecosystem exchange of CO<sub>2</sub> in Siberian tundra reveals the seasonality of its carbon sequestration strength

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Photoinhibition of Photosynthesis in Nature

Cited by 1,385 publications

References 116 publications

Certain Biominerals in Leaves Function as Light Scatterers

Certain Biominerals in Leaves Function as Light Scatterers

Sugarcane Response to Water-Deficit Stress during Early Growth on Organic and Sand Soils

Bulk partitioning the growing season net ecosystem exchange of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; in Siberian tundra reveals the seasonality of its carbon sequestration strength

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Bulk partitioning the growing season net ecosystem exchange of CO<sub>2</sub> in Siberian tundra reveals the seasonality of its carbon sequestration strength