Childhood victimization and long-term intellectual and academic outcomes

Histories of childhood maltreatment in schizophrenia: Relationships with premorbid functioning, symptomatology, and cognitive deficits

“…The present investigation replicated past fi ndings that a history of childhood maltreatment is associated with greater academic diffi culties, lower educational attainment, poorer peer relationships, an earlier age at fi rst hospitalization, and a greater number of psychiatric hospitalizations (Bryer et al, 1987;Carrey et al, 1995;Erickson et al, 1989;Goff et al, 1991;Perez and Widom, 1994;Read, 1998;Vondra et al, 1990). Moreover, this investigation replicated these fi ndings using a sample of adult patients at a state hospital diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and is the fi rst investigation using this population to systematically investigate the type, frequency, severity, and age of onset of childhood maltreatment.…”

“…A number of investigations have demonstrated associations between childhood maltreatment and poorer cognitive functioning in adulthood, including reduced intellectual and academic functioning (Perez and Widom, 1994), defi cits on tasks of verbal learning and memory (Bremner et al, 1995), working memory (Raine et al, 2001), and executive control (Mezzacappa et al, 2001), impaired eye-tracking (Irwin et al, 1999), and a higher rate of neurological soft signs (Gurvits et al, 2000). Fewer investigations have examined the relationship between maltreatment during childhood and neurocognitive functioning in schizophrenia spectrum disorders.…”

Brain morphometry in female victims of intimate partner violence with and without posttraumatic stress disorder

“…This selection bias could explain our findings of smaller SCTN volume in IPV victims, although our attempts to control for this difference yielded the same results; however, this selection bias would not explain our failure to find differences between groups in hippocampal or other mesial temporal lobe volumes. On the other hand, given the likelihood that childhood trauma results in neuropsychological dysfunction (Carrey et al 1995;Perez and Widom 1994;Saigh et al 1997) and thereby reduces the likelihood of academic success and educational advancement, matching subjects on education (or IQ) might introduce a serious bias in the opposite direction, forcing the inclusion of especially "resilient" trauma victims (i.e., those whose neuropsychological function was not affected by childhood trauma). A possible solution to the problem (though none is ideal) would involve matching subjects not on education or current IQ, but rather on a measure of premorbid intellectual function, such as the ANART (Grober and Sliwinski 1991).…”

Adverse Childhood Experiences of Low-Income Urban Youth

“…Scores of articles have long demonstrated a relationship between exposure to childhood adversity and a range of negative outcomes throughout the life span. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] The disproportionate exposure of low-income children to abuse, neglect, and other adversities 9,10 has been implicated as an important contributor to health disparities. 11,12 Preventing and mitigating the impact of ACEs is critical to decreasing health disparities.…”